Dumping revelant information on compromised targets without AV detection 

DPAPI dumping

Lots of credentials are protected by DPAPI.

We aim at locating those "secured" credentials, and retreive them using :

• User password
• Domaine DPAPI BackupKey
• Local machine DPAPI Key (protecting TaskScheduled blob)

Curently gathered info

• Windows credentials (Taskscheduled credentials & a lot more)
• Windows Vaults
• Windows RDP credentials
• AdConnect (still require a manual operation)
• Wifi key
• Intenet explorer Creentials
• Chrome cookies & credentials
• Firefox cookies & credentials
• VNC passwords
• mRemoteNG password (with default config)

Check for a bit of compliance

• SMB signing status
• OS/Domain/Hostname/Ip of the audited scope

Operational use

With local admin account on a host, we can :

• Gather machine protected DPAPI secrets
  • ScheduledTask that will contain cleartext login/password of the account configured to run the task
  • Wi-Fi passwords
• Extract Masterkey's hash value for every user profiles (masterkeys beeing protected by the user's password, let's try to crack them with Hashcat)
• Identify who is connected from where, in order to identify admin's personal computers.
• Extract other non-dpapi protected secrets (VNC/Firefox/mRemoteNG)
• Gather protected secrets from IE, Chrome, Firefox and start reaching the Azure tenant.

With a user password, or the domain PVK we can unprotect the user's DPAPI secrets.

Examples

Dump all secrets of the target machine with an admin account :

Using user's hash

Using kerberos (-k) and local auth (-local_auth)

Using a user with LAPS password reading rights

It is also possible to provide the tool with a list of credentials that will be tested on the target. DonPAPI will try to use them to decipher masterkeys.

This credential file must have the following syntax:

user1:pass1  user2:pass2  ...  

user1:pass1
user2:pass2
...

When a domain admin user is available, it is possible to dump the domain backup key using impacket dpapi.py tool.

This backup key can then be used to dump all domain user's secrets!

python DonPAPI.py -pvk domain_backupkey.pvk domain/user:[email protected]_network_list

Target can be an IP, IP range, CIDR, file containing list targets (one per line)

Opsec consideration

The RemoteOps part can be spoted by some EDR. It can be disabled using --no_remoteops flag, but then the machine DPAPI key won't be retrieved, and scheduled task credentials/Wi-Fi passwords won't be harvested.

Installation

dpapi.py backupkey --export

Credits

All the credits goes to these great guys for doing the hard research & coding :

• Benjamin Delpy (@gentilkiwi) for most of the DPAPI research (always greatly commented, <3 your code)
• Alberto Solino (@agsolino) for the tremendous work of Impacket (https://github.com/SecureAuthCorp/impacket). Almost everything we do here comes from impacket.
• Alesandro Z & everyone who worked on Lazagne (https://github.com/AlessandroZ/LaZagne/wiki) for the VNC & Firefox modules, and most likely for a lots of other ones in the futur.
• dirkjanm @_dirkjan for the base code of adconnect dump (https://github.com/fox-it/adconnectdump) & every research he ever did. I learned so much on so many subjects thanks to you. <3
• @byt3bl33d3r for CME (lots of inspiration and code comes from CME : https://github.com/byt3bl33d3r/CrackMapExec )
• All the Team at @LoginSecurite for their help in debugging my shity code (special thanks to @layno & @HackAndDo for that)

Todo

• Finish ADSync/ADConnect password extraction
• CREDHISTORY full extraction
• Extract windows Certificates
• Further analysis ADAL/msteams
• Implement Chrome <v80 decoder
• Find a way to implement Lazagne's great modules

Changelog

git clone https://github.com/login-securite/DonPAPI.git
cd DonPAPI
python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt
python3 DonPAPI.py