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Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) is one of the most prevalent and dangerous web application vulnerabilities. It occurs when an attacker can inject malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users. Understanding XSS is crucial for developers, security professionals, and anyone involved in web development.

XSS attacks exploit the trust that users have in a website. When a web application includes untrusted data in a web page without proper validation or escaping, attackers can execute scripts in the victim’s browser. These scripts can access cookies, session tokens, or other sensitive information retained by the browser.

Stored XSS occurs when malicious scripts are permanently stored on the target server, such as in a database, message forum, or comment field. Every time a user visits the affected page, the malicious script executes.