France’s top intelligence official has warned that Russia is waging "a war of influence" against the country through hybrid online disinformation, espionage and sabotage operations.

Nicolas Lerner, head of the DGSE foreign intelligence agency, said in an interview with French broadcaster LCI that Moscow’s tactics are evolving and now include physical operations carried out by paid intermediaries. He cited an incident last year in which suspected Russian saboteurs placed coffins near the Eiffel Tower draped in the French flag bearing the inscription “French soldiers of Ukraine.”

“These are not amateur operations,” Lerner said. “They reflect a desire to disrupt our information space and undermine trust in our institutions.”

He said that around 80 Russian agents were active in France before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in 2022, and that 50 of them have since been expelled. Paris has also imposed sanctions on individuals linked to Moscow’s intelligence services.

Lerner warned that Russia poses a medium- and long-term “existential threat” to Europe, its democracies and its values.

His comments come amid alarm over a growing wave of alleged Russian hybrid operations across Europe. In recent months, NATO allies and EU member states have reported suspected sabotage, cyberattacks, and disinformation campaigns linked to Moscow. 

In June, trains between Amsterdam and The Hague were disrupted in what Dutch authorities suspect was a sabotage attempt tied to the NATO summit. Around the same time, pro-Russian hacktivists claimed responsibility for distributed denial-of-service attacks targeting summit-related organizations.

In France, the high-speed rail network was hit by coordinated sabotage just hours before last year’s Olympic Games opening ceremony, affecting lines around Paris.

Polish officials recently accused Russian intelligence of orchestrating a 2024 fire at a major Warsaw shopping mall. Warsaw responded by shutting down a Russian consulate.

On Tuesday, three South London men were found guilty of carrying out an arson attack on a depot housing humanitarian aid intended for Ukraine. The men were hired by the Wagner Group, a private militia that has acted under the orders of the Kremlin. 

European officials have also warned of cyber operations targeting military, government, and critical infrastructure across the continent. On Wednesday, German media reported that a Kremlin-linked hacking group is attempting to steal sensitive data from the German armed forces.