考研英语翻译六级翻译经验技巧分享

翻译技巧提炼：

一、翻译标准：通顺、达意、准确好的翻译：语言精练，意思准确，符合译语习惯；举例：广告词和歌词翻译 差的翻译：逐字翻译，各种翻译腔

二、翻译方法：直译与意译结合 直译≠死译，逐字译 意译≠随意译

三、翻译策略：拆分与组合

四、词的译法 一词多义及词的引申义 转性 增减 换形 具体←→抽象

五、句法翻译 换序 断句 转态 正反

一、翻译标准：信、达、雅；准确、通顺、完整

1.翻译赏析

1.1歌词 Someone like you -Adele

I heard, that your settled down. 已闻君，诸事安康。

That you, found a girl and you're married now.遇佳人，不久婚嫁。

I heard that your dreams came true. 已闻君，得偿所愿。

Guess she gave you things, I didn’t give to you.  料得是，卿识君望。

Old friend, why are you so shy? 旧日知己，何故张皇？

It ain’t like you to hold back or hide from the lie. 遮遮掩掩，欲盖弥彰。

I hate to turn up out of the blue uninvited.客有不速，实非我所想。

But I couldn’t stay away, I couldn’t fight it. 避之不得，遑论与相抗。

I’d hoped you’d see my face and that you’d be reminded, 异日偶遇，识得依稀颜。

That for me, it isn’t over.再无所求，涕零而泪下。

Never mind, I’ll find someone like you. 毋须烦恼，终有弱水替沧海。

I wish nothing but the best, for you too. 抛却纠缠，再把相思寄巫山。

Don’t forget me, I beg, I remember you said:勿忘昨日，亦存君言于肺腑。

“Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead” “情堪隽永，也善心潮掀狂澜。”

Sometimes it lasts in love but sometimes it hurts instead, yeah. 情堪隽永，也善心潮掀狂澜，然。

1.2 广告词翻译

The Globe brings you the world in a single copy. 一册在手,纵览全球。(《环球》杂志)

Intel Inside.(Intel Pentium) 给电脑一颗奔腾的“芯”。（英特尔奔腾）

Good to the last drop． 滴滴香浓，意犹未尽。（麦斯威尔咖啡）

Philips: Sense and simplicity 飞利浦:精于心简于形

Where there is a way, there is a Toyota. 车到山前必有路，有路必有丰田车。

二、翻译方法：直译与意译结合

直译≠死译，逐字译

意译≠随意译

三、翻译策略：拆分与组合

原则：把主句与从句拆分出来，把主干部分与修饰部分拆分出来。

例1：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors (in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.) （2003年62题）

拆分:

①句子的主干是：Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry

②定语从句：which 后面是一个定语从句，其先行词是social science

③方式状语：in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner
是方式状语, 其中的reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned是并列定 语，修饰manner;

④定语从句：that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena 是定语从句，其先行词是manner；

⑤拆分后的句子结构是：

Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and ①主句                                   ②定语从句 their endeavorsin the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned ③方式状语 mannerthat natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena. ④断句

译文：社会科学是知识探索的一个分支，它力图像自然科学家研究自然现象那样，用理性的、有序的、系统的和冷静的方式去研究人类及其行为。

例2: Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.

①句子的主语：Beethoven’s habit of...，两个并列动词ing做主语。②表语：only rarely used by composers before him 拆分：Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and//then ①并列主语1 abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage// was only rarely used by composers ②并列主语2                                    ③ before him.

四、词的译法

1、转性 在翻译过程中，根据译文语言的习惯进行词性转换，如：把原文中的名词转换为动词或形容词，把原文中的副词转换为介词 例：

1. I am so grateful to my father \for his continuous encouragement during my childhood.

2. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.

3. He is a beautiful dancer

4. He is the murderer of his boss.

5. It was an informative meeting.

2、增减 所谓词的增减，就是在原文的基础上添加必要的词，或者把译文中不需要的词在翻译过程中加以省略。1）增词

①After the football match, he’s got an important meeting 在观看足球赛之后，他有一个重要会议去参加。

②Basically, the theories proposed, among other things, that the maximum speed possible in the universe is that of light；... 就其基本内容而言，这一学说提出的论点包括：光速是宇宙中最快的速度；…

③This great scientist was born in New England. 这位伟大的科学家出生于美国东北部的新英格兰。New York, New Prague, Minnesota New Mexico New Berlin, WI New Haven, Indiana New Hope, Minnesota

2）略词

①中国足球的落后状态必须改变。The (state / condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. ②在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。We must avoid making (unnecessary) mistakes in our work.

3、换形 英汉两种语言由于有着截然不同的文化背景，在习惯表达上也就存在着较大的差距，我们不得不在翻译中经常改换表达的形式。

①You say he works hard; so he does. 你说他和努力，对，他确实很努力。

②You can stand on your hands, so can I. 你会倒立，我也会倒立。

③Her father is a famous professor, but I can’t find any scholarly pretense in him. 她父亲是一位知名教授，但我没有从她父亲身上看到故作姿态的学者派头。（代词指代的对象要交代清楚）

④I don’t like smoking; it is no good to health. 我不喜欢抽烟，抽烟对身体没好处。

⑤The whole project was completed in a quarter of a year. 整个过程在三个月就完成了。

⑥Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation. 八十七年前，我们的先辈在这块大陆上创建了一个新的国家。

A quarter of a century ago In the first ten days of March In the last ten days of July Over 60 years old In her seventies. The past five centuries

4、具体 ←→ 抽象

1）抽象→具体 词：

Management  管理-管理层/人员

Press 出版—出版物，报纸，杂志，出版社

Retirement 退休—退休处，幽静地方，偏僻地方

Very timid 非常胆小—胆小如鼠

Keep quiet 不吱声—噤若寒蝉

例句：

①We should by no means neglect the evaporation of water. 我们决不能忽视水的蒸发作用。

②All the people were angered by his fault-finding. 大家都被他那种吹毛求疵的做法激怒了

③Her jealousy is the cause of her failure. 他的嫉妒心理是她失败的根源。

④There had been too much violence in that region 那个地区发生了许多暴力事件

⑤The government is doing the best to ease the tension in that area. 政府正在竭尽全力缓和那个地区的紧张局势。

⑥The Crime sent him into notoriety. 这一罪行使他落入了声名狼藉的境地

2）具体→抽象

词：

lick one's boots 巴结，讨好

be in one's pocket 被某人操纵

wear one's heart on one's sleeve 表露感情

get cold feet 胆怯

mend one's fences 改善关系

黔驴技穷  at one's wit's end

单枪匹马 all by oneself

例句：

① He is a rolling stone. I don't think he can go far. 他是个见异思迁的人，我想他不会有多大出息。

② The society held its meeting behind closed doors. 这个社团秘密开会。

③ By this means she cast in a bone between the wife and the husband. 她用这种手段离间这对夫妻。

④The matter was finally settled under the table. 事情终于私下解决了。

⑤我不敢班门弄斧 I dare not show off in the presence of an expert.

⑥他万万没想到在他前进的路上竟会出现这么多拦路虎。He had never expected that so many obstacles would stand in his way.

五、句子的译法

1. 换序 英语与汉语在语法结构上有许多差别。在翻译的过程中，我们经常需要更换原文词语的先后次序。根据译文的语言习惯，对原文的词序进行调整，使译文做到最大程度上的通顺，这就是换序译法。

①About 1840， a canal was constructed across the meadows of the Marsh Farm. 大约在1840年，横穿马什农场的草地上开凿了一条新的运河。

②Send us a message in case you have any difficulty. 万一有什么困难，请给我们捎个信。

③Cheerful, efficient and warm-hearted, they will do everything to make your  journey smooth and difficult. 他们乐观、能干、热情，总是想方设法使你一路上顺利舒适。

④It's not your fault that this has happened. 发生这样的事不是你的错。

⑤He witnessed the sixth post-war crisis of serious consequence that prevailed in various fields. 他目睹了美国战后第六次后果严重的波及各领域的经济危机。

2. 断句译法

把一些又长又复杂的句子断开分成几个短句，是翻译中经常采用的方法。

①Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry// which seeks to study humans and their endeavors // in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.

②Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism//which, (in its strongest form), states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society.

3. 转态译法

所谓转态译法，就是在翻译过程中把原文中的被动语态转换成译文中的主动语态，或把原文中的主动语态转换成译文中的被动语态。

英：被动语态多

中：主动语态多

①Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed -

②a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty Eur opean television networks, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.

③it is no exaggeration to say “United we stand, divided we fall” -

④The visitor was flattered and impressed.

⑤马路两旁是整齐的梧桐树。The avenue was lined with neatly-spaced plane trees.

⑥人生的道路虽然漫长，但紧要处常常只有几步，特别是当人年轻的时候。Although the road of life is long, its most important sections are often covered in only a few steps，especially when a person is young.

4. 正反译法

原文中正说的句子进行翻译时可能不得不处理成反说，也可能处理成正说反说皆可，只是处理成反说更好一些。反之亦然。

①Until these issues are resolved, a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected, and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.

②Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?

③We must never stop taking an optimistic view of life.

④他一直希望自己能成为老板的助手。

⑤The idea that he should become an assistant to his boss has never disserted him.

⑥他提前三天到达时我们没有想到的。His arrival three days in advance is beyond our expectation