CVE-2023-36563 is an information disclosure vulnerability in Microsoft WordPad that was assigned a CVSSv3 score of 6.5. It was exploited in the wild as a zero-day and was publicly disclosed prior to the October 2023 Patch Tuesday release. An unauthenticated, remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability using social engineering in order to convince a target to open a link or download a malicious file and run it on the vulnerable system. Alternatively, an attacker could execute a specially crafted application to exploit the flaw after gaining access to a vulnerable system. Successful exploitation could lead to the disclosure of New Technology LAN Manager (NTLM) hashes.

This is the third zero-day vulnerability patched in 2023 that could result in the unauthorized disclosure of NTLM hashes. In March, Microsoft patched CVE-2023-23397, a Microsoft Outlook elevation of privilege vulnerability, and in September, Microsoft patched CVE-2023-36761, an information disclosure vulnerability in Microsoft Word. It is unclear if all three of these vulnerabilities were exploited by the same attackers.

CVE-2023-41763 is an EoP vulnerability in Skype for Business that was assigned a CVSSv3 score of 5.3 and rated important. An unauthenticated, remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted network call to a vulnerable Skype for Business server. Successful exploitation would result in the disclosure of sensitive information, which could be used to gain access to internal networks.

This vulnerability was exploited in the wild according to Microsoft, though no details have been shared at the time this blog post was published. However, this vulnerability is noted to have been publicly disclosed previously. Researcher Florian Hauser of Code White GmbH published a two-part blog series in September 2022 investigating Skype for Business 2019. In his second blog post, Hauser revealed a server-side request forgery vulnerability (SSRF) that he called SKYPErimeterleak. In it, he notes that Microsoft rejected his submission for the flaw. However, it would appear that Microsoft has since opted to accept his submission, assigning this CVE and providing patches for this vulnerability.

CVE-2023-35349 is a RCE vulnerability in the Microsoft Message Queuing (MSMQ) component of Windows operating systems that was assigned a CVSSv3 score of 9.8 and rated critical. An unauthenticated, remote attacker could exploit this vulnerability by sending a specially crafted packet to a vulnerable target.

In addition to CVE-2023-35349, Microsoft has patched 15 additional RCE vulnerabilities in MSMQ:

While CVE-2023-36697 was also rated critical, successful exploitation requires either user interaction or for the attacker to be authenticated as a domain user and to have compromised a MSMQ server within the target network.

CVE-2023-35349 and CVE-2023-36697 are two of several critical RCE vulnerabilities in MSMQ that have been patched this year. CVE-2023-35385, CVE-2023-36910 and CVE-2023-36911 were patched in August, CVE-2023-32057 in July and CVE-2023-21554 in April. Although all of these vulnerabilities were rated “Exploitation Less Likely” using the Microsoft Exploitability Index, customers are encouraged to apply these patches as soon as possible.

In order for a system to be vulnerable to these vulnerabilities, the MSMQ service must be added and enabled. According to Microsoft, if the service is enabled on a Windows installation, a service named “Message Queueing” will be running on TCP port 1801. Tenable customers can use Plugin 174933 to identify systems that have this service running.

CVE-2023-36434 is an EoP vulnerability in Windows IIS server that was assigned a CVSSv3 score of 9.8 and rated as important. According to Microsoft, exploitation of this vulnerability is achieved by an attacker brute forcing a user’s login credentials. Because the chances of success can vary greatly and are less likely when strong passwords are in place, Microsoft’s severity rating is important, despite the critical CVSS score.

Weak passwords and password policies can open the door for malicious actors and remain a major risk for organizations. To combat this, we recommend reviewing the suggestions from this Cybersecurty and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) blog post and the Tenable whitepaper, Password, Authentication and Web Best Practices.

CVE-2023-44487 is a denial of service (DoS) vulnerability affecting HTTP/2 web servers that was exploited in the wild. While this vulnerability was not exclusive to affecting Microsoft servers, patches were made available to address this vulnerability in multiple versions of Windows, including Server Core installations.

This vulnerability was exploited against multiple targets in a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack and was first observed by Cloudflare on August 25 and Edgio on August 28th. Cloudflare worked with both Google and Amazon AWS who have acknowledged that additional mitigations are in place to address this vulnerability. As noted in Cloudflare’s technical blog post, the underlying vulnerability is in HTTP/2 and other vendors utilizing HTTP/2 may be affected by the vulnerability. We anticipate additional patches or mitigation guidance will be released by vendors that implement HTTP/2.