【Linux命令】每天一个Linux命令(5):cp命令
2023-6-3 00:4:11 Author: 利刃信安攻防实验室(查看原文) 阅读量:16 收藏

每天一个Linux命令(5):cp命令

命令:
cp
描述:cp(copy)用于复制文件或目录。
语法:
cp [选项] 源文件 目标文件
常用选项:
  • -r:复制目录及其内容。
  • -i:在复制文件之前进行交互式确认。
  • -v:显示每个复制操作的详细信息。
示例:
1.
复制文件到目标位置:
cp file1.txt file2.txt

这将复制 file1.txt 文件并将其命名为 file2.txt。

2.

复制多个文件到目标位置:
cp file1.txt file2.txt directory/
这将同时复制 file1.txt 和 file2.txt 文件到 directory/ 目录。

3.
复制目录及其内容到目标位置:
cp -r sourcedir/ destination/
这将复制 sourcedir/ 目录及其所有内容到 destination/ 目录。

4.
在复制文件之前进行交互式确认:
cp -i file.txt destination/
这将在复制 file.txt 文件到 destination/ 目录之前进行交互式确认。

特别提醒:

注意: 
使用cp -i命令时,当目标文件已存在时,系统会提示您确认是否覆盖目标文件。您可以输入y来确认覆盖,或者输入n来取消复制操作。这种交互式确认可以帮助您避免意外覆盖文件。
请注意,cp -i命令只在目标文件已存在时才会进行确认。如果目标文件不存在,它将自动进行复制操作而不会提示确认。如果您希望在每次复制操作之前都进行确认,不论目标文件是否存在,可以使用cp -i命令结合-R选项来复制目录及其内容。例如:cp -iR sourcedir/ destination/。这将对每个文件和目录进行交互式确认,包括目标目录本身的确认。
[[email protected] ~]# cp --helpUsage: cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST  or:  cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY  or:  cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all --attributes-only don't copy the file data, just the attributes --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like --backup but does not accept an argument --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option is also used) -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option) -H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE -l, --link hard link files instead of copying -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE -n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option) -P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional attributes: context, links, xattr, all -c deprecated, same as --preserve=context --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes --parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively --reflink[=WHEN] control clone/CoW copies. See below --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force) --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing -v, --verbose explain what is being done -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system -Z set SELinux security context of destination file to default type --context[=CTX] like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and thecorresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behaviorselected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DESTfile whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where thedata blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copyfails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.Use --reflink=never to ensure a standard copy is performed.
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or throughthe VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given) numbered, t make numbered backups existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise simple, never always make simple backups
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backupoptions are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,regular file.
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cp>or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cp invocation'[[email protected] ~]# cp --helpUsage: cp [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST or: cp [OPTION]... SOURCE... DIRECTORY or: cp [OPTION]... -t DIRECTORY SOURCE...Copy SOURCE to DEST, or multiple SOURCE(s) to DIRECTORY.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too. -a, --archive same as -dR --preserve=all --attributes-only don't copy the file data, just the attributes --backup[=CONTROL] make a backup of each existing destination file -b like --backup but does not accept an argument --copy-contents copy contents of special files when recursive -d same as --no-dereference --preserve=links -f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again (this option is ignored when the -n option is also used) -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite (overrides a previous -n option) -H follow command-line symbolic links in SOURCE -l, --link hard link files instead of copying -L, --dereference always follow symbolic links in SOURCE -n, --no-clobber do not overwrite an existing file (overrides a previous -i option) -P, --no-dereference never follow symbolic links in SOURCE -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps --preserve[=ATTR_LIST] preserve the specified attributes (default: mode,ownership,timestamps), if possible additional attributes: context, links, xattr, all -c deprecated, same as --preserve=context --no-preserve=ATTR_LIST don't preserve the specified attributes --parents use full source file name under DIRECTORY -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively --reflink[=WHEN] control clone/CoW copies. See below --remove-destination remove each existing destination file before attempting to open it (contrast with --force) --sparse=WHEN control creation of sparse files. See below --strip-trailing-slashes remove any trailing slashes from each SOURCE argument -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying -S, --suffix=SUFFIX override the usual backup suffix -t, --target-directory=DIRECTORY copy all SOURCE arguments into DIRECTORY -T, --no-target-directory treat DEST as a normal file -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing -v, --verbose explain what is being done -x, --one-file-system stay on this file system -Z set SELinux security context of destination file to default type --context[=CTX] like -Z, or if CTX is specified then set the SELinux or SMACK security context to CTX --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit
By default, sparse SOURCE files are detected by a crude heuristic and thecorresponding DEST file is made sparse as well. That is the behaviorselected by --sparse=auto. Specify --sparse=always to create a sparse DESTfile whenever the SOURCE file contains a long enough sequence of zero bytes.Use --sparse=never to inhibit creation of sparse files.
When --reflink[=always] is specified, perform a lightweight copy, where thedata blocks are copied only when modified. If this is not possible the copyfails, or if --reflink=auto is specified, fall back to a standard copy.Use --reflink=never to ensure a standard copy is performed.
The backup suffix is '~', unless set with --suffix or SIMPLE_BACKUP_SUFFIX.The version control method may be selected via the --backup option or throughthe VERSION_CONTROL environment variable. Here are the values:
none, off never make backups (even if --backup is given) numbered, t make numbered backups existing, nil numbered if numbered backups exist, simple otherwise simple, never always make simple backups
As a special case, cp makes a backup of SOURCE when the force and backupoptions are given and SOURCE and DEST are the same name for an existing,regular file.
GNU coreutils online help: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/cp>or available locally via: info '(coreutils) cp invocation'


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